RADIATION DECAY .| g. I Name Symbol What is it? Charge What Chemical symbol for the element. Penetration Mass number A=p+n blocks it? depth (in air) Alpha a Helium nucleus 2 раper (2 protons & 2 neutrons) or Atomic number number of protons 8cm He Label which type of radiation would be blocked by the substance in the diagram below Beta High energy electron 3mm aluminum 1m or e Electromagnetic radiation Gamma Several meters of None infinite Paper aluminum (energy) lead or or concrete Y Lead/concrete Why does the beta particle have a negative charge? In the symbol for alpha, what does the 4 represent? Which has more mass--an alpha or beta particle? In the symbol for alpha, what does the 2 represent? Explain the zero & zero in the symbol for gamma: Why is the overall charge on the alpha particle +2?

Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Radiation Decay**

| Name   | Symbol          | What is it?                              | Charge | What blocks it?         | Penetration depth (in air) |
|--------|-----------------|------------------------------------------|--------|-------------------------|----------------------------|
| Alpha  | \( ^4_2\alpha \) or \( ^4_2\text{He} \) | Helium nucleus (2 protons & 2 neutrons) | +      | paper                   | 8 cm                       |
| Beta   | \( ^0_{-1}\beta \) or \( ^0_{-1}\text{e}\) | High energy electron                     | -      | 3 mm aluminum           | 1 m                        |
| Gamma  | \( ^0_0\gamma \) or \( ^0_0\text{y} \) | Electromagnetic radiation (energy)      | None   | Several meters of lead or concrete | infinite                   |

*Diagram Descriptions:*

1. **Chemical Symbol Diagram**: 
    - Represents an element with mass number \( A \) and chemical symbol \( X \).
    - Shows atomic number (number of protons) \( Z \).

2. **Radiation Blocking Diagram**:
    - Illustrates types of radiation being blocked by different materials:
      - **Paper**: Blocks alpha radiation.
      - **Aluminum**: Blocks beta radiation.
      - **Lead/Concrete**: Used for blocking gamma radiation.

*Questions:*

- In the symbol for alpha, what does the 4 represent?
- In the symbol for alpha, what does the 2 represent?
- Why is the overall charge on the alpha particle +2?
- Why does the beta particle have a negative charge?
- Which has more mass—an alpha or beta particle?
- Explain the zero & zero in the symbol for gamma.
Transcribed Image Text:**Radiation Decay** | Name | Symbol | What is it? | Charge | What blocks it? | Penetration depth (in air) | |--------|-----------------|------------------------------------------|--------|-------------------------|----------------------------| | Alpha | \( ^4_2\alpha \) or \( ^4_2\text{He} \) | Helium nucleus (2 protons & 2 neutrons) | + | paper | 8 cm | | Beta | \( ^0_{-1}\beta \) or \( ^0_{-1}\text{e}\) | High energy electron | - | 3 mm aluminum | 1 m | | Gamma | \( ^0_0\gamma \) or \( ^0_0\text{y} \) | Electromagnetic radiation (energy) | None | Several meters of lead or concrete | infinite | *Diagram Descriptions:* 1. **Chemical Symbol Diagram**: - Represents an element with mass number \( A \) and chemical symbol \( X \). - Shows atomic number (number of protons) \( Z \). 2. **Radiation Blocking Diagram**: - Illustrates types of radiation being blocked by different materials: - **Paper**: Blocks alpha radiation. - **Aluminum**: Blocks beta radiation. - **Lead/Concrete**: Used for blocking gamma radiation. *Questions:* - In the symbol for alpha, what does the 4 represent? - In the symbol for alpha, what does the 2 represent? - Why is the overall charge on the alpha particle +2? - Why does the beta particle have a negative charge? - Which has more mass—an alpha or beta particle? - Explain the zero & zero in the symbol for gamma.
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