Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
**Radiation Decay** | Name | Symbol | What is it? | Charge | What blocks it? | Penetration depth (in air) | |--------|-----------------|------------------------------------------|--------|-------------------------|----------------------------| | Alpha | \( ^4_2\alpha \) or \( ^4_2\text{He} \) | Helium nucleus (2 protons & 2 neutrons) | + | paper | 8 cm | | Beta | \( ^0_{-1}\beta \) or \( ^0_{-1}\text{e}\) | High energy electron | - | 3 mm aluminum | 1 m | | Gamma | \( ^0_0\gamma \) or \( ^0_0\text{y} \) | Electromagnetic radiation (energy) | None | Several meters of lead or concrete | infinite | *Diagram Descriptions:* 1. **Chemical Symbol Diagram**: - Represents an element with mass number \( A \) and chemical symbol \( X \). - Shows atomic number (number of protons) \( Z \). 2. **Radiation Blocking Diagram**: - Illustrates types of radiation being blocked by different materials: - **Paper**: Blocks alpha radiation. - **Aluminum**: Blocks beta radiation. - **Lead/Concrete**: Used for blocking gamma radiation. *Questions:* - In the symbol for alpha, what does the 4 represent? - In the symbol for alpha, what does the 2 represent? - Why is the overall charge on the alpha particle +2? - Why does the beta particle have a negative charge? - Which has more mass—an alpha or beta particle? - Explain the zero & zero in the symbol for gamma.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Radiation Decay** | Name | Symbol | What is it? | Charge | What blocks it? | Penetration depth (in air) | |--------|-----------------|------------------------------------------|--------|-------------------------|----------------------------| | Alpha | \( ^4_2\alpha \) or \( ^4_2\text{He} \) | Helium nucleus (2 protons & 2 neutrons) | + | paper | 8 cm | | Beta | \( ^0_{-1}\beta \) or \( ^0_{-1}\text{e}\) | High energy electron | - | 3 mm aluminum | 1 m | | Gamma | \( ^0_0\gamma \) or \( ^0_0\text{y} \) | Electromagnetic radiation (energy) | None | Several meters of lead or concrete | infinite | *Diagram Descriptions:* 1. **Chemical Symbol Diagram**: - Represents an element with mass number \( A \) and chemical symbol \( X \). - Shows atomic number (number of protons) \( Z \). 2. **Radiation Blocking Diagram**: - Illustrates types of radiation being blocked by different materials: - **Paper**: Blocks alpha radiation. - **Aluminum**: Blocks beta radiation. - **Lead/Concrete**: Used for blocking gamma radiation. *Questions:* - In the symbol for alpha, what does the 4 represent? - In the symbol for alpha, what does the 2 represent? - Why is the overall charge on the alpha particle +2? - Why does the beta particle have a negative charge? - Which has more mass—an alpha or beta particle? - Explain the zero & zero in the symbol for gamma.
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