Concept explainers
QUESTION
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The Cyclically Adjusted Budget Balance is an estimate of what the Fiscal Balance would be if _______________.
a. Equilibrium
GDP is greater than Potential GDP.b. The Equilibrium GDP is equal to Potential GDP.
c. Equilibrium GDP is greater than Potential GDP.
d. What the budget balance would be at the trough of the Business Cycle.
QUESTION
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When the FED conducts
monetary policy , it relies primarily ona. Direct targeting of the monetary aggregates such as M1 and M2 along with changes in consumer lending rates.
b. Only consumer lending rates.
c. Open market operations and changes in the fed funds rate.
d. Only changes in the Fed funds rate.
QUESTION
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Given the following data: Demand Deposits are equal to 1000, Time Deposits are equal to 500, Large Savings Accounts are equal to 300, and the public holds 50 in cash. If the Reserve Requirement on Demand Deposits is 10%, what is the Monetary Base?
a. 100
b. 150.
c. 1800.
d. 1900.
QUESTION
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Banks hold liabilities with short term maturities and hold assets with longer term maturities. This is known as:
a. Deposit maturation.
b. Maturity transformation or asset time liability mismatch.
c. Shadow banking.
d. Subprime lending.
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- 1. Suppose the economy has fallen into a recession (output level ?0), and the federal government wants to return the economy to its original level of output (?). Respond to each of the following questions using appropriate diagrams and explanations.(a) If policy makers can only use fiscal tools, what should they do?(b) If policy makers can only use monetary tools, what should they do? (c) What should they do if they want to return output to its original level but keep investment from changing?arrow_forward7. Use of discretionary policy to stabilize the economy Should the government use monetary and fiscal policy in an effort to stabilize the economy? The following questions address the issue of how monetary and fiscal policies affect the economy, as well as the pros and cons of using these tools to combat economic fluctuations. The following graph plots hypothetical aggregate demand (AD), short-run aggregate supply (AS), and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curves for the U.S. economy in January 2026. Suppose the government chooses to intervene in order to return the economy to the natural level of output by using Depending on which curve is affected by the government policy, shift either the AS curve or the AD curve to reflect the change that would successfully restore the natural level of output. PRICE LEVEL 150 130 110 90 AS AD D AS policy. ?arrow_forwardDetermine whether each policy below is expansionary (increasing aggregate demand) or contractionary (decreasing aggregate demand) and whether it is fiscal or monetary policy. 1. The Federal Reserve buys bonds ✓ [Select] Contractionary Fiscal Policy Expansionary Fiscal Policy Expansionary Monetary Policy Contractionary Monetary Policy 3. The Federal Reserve raises the required reserve ratio. [Select] 2. Congress increases Medicare sp 4. Congress cuts defense spending. [Select]arrow_forward
- 1. As a result of an economic policy change, interest rates fall, and consumption and investment rise. This is consistent witha) A monetary expansion.b) A fiscal expansion.c) A fiscal contraction.d) A monetary contraction. 2. Under what conditions might the application of fiscal and monetary policy simply cause a change in the price level, and no change the level of national income.a) The aggregate supply curve is horizontal.b) The aggregate supply curve is vertical.c) The short run aggregate supply curve is flatter than the long run aggregate supply curve.d) The long run aggregate supply curve is flatter than the short run aggregate supply curve. 3. How might government best attempt to address the threat of long-run, structural unemployment, resulting from the globalisation of the economic environment?a) Adopt protectionist measures, such as tariffs.b) Give trade unions a formal role in economic planning.c) Increase subsidies for job retention in manufacturing industry.d) Improve…arrow_forwardHow would I do d?arrow_forward34. Discretionary fiscal policy refers to A) deliberate government efforts to stabilize the economy through government spending and taxes. B) the use of automatic stabilizers and intervention policies to stabilize the economy. C) any government policy that requires a lag period of at least three months. D) the deliberate use of government spending and taxes to complement the effects of monetary policy in an effort to stabilize the economy. 35. An inflationary gap can be closed with A) using an expansionary monetary policy. B) using a policy action such as a reduction in taxes. C) using a policy action such as a reduction in government purchases. D) imposing price controls to prevent prices from rising. 36. The term “crowding out” refers to the phenomenon that occurs when increased government spending A) raises the price level and reduces consumption. B)…arrow_forward
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