Question 8 options:   There is likely to be an inherent dependence between the 2 paired (or matched) observations.   The paired (or matched) observations are likely to be independent from one another.   You will always get smaller p-values.   Parametric approaches to data analyses make fewer assumptions than non-parametric approaches.

Scenario: If 20 participants completed an attention task twice — once after consuming a sugar pill and once after consuming a pill that contained 25 mg nicotine, which test would be most appropriate? Assume data meets all assumptions for a parametric test, and that participant exposure to the sugar pill vs. nicotine pill were counterbalanced. Question: What is the research / alternate hypothesis for this scenario? Nicotine does not affect attention. Nicotine affects attention. Anxiety does not affect attention. Anxiety affects attention.

ch 11 end. 7: In a bumper test, three test vehicles of each of three types of autos were crashed into a barrier at 5 mph, and the resulting damage was estimated. Crashes were from three angles: head-on, slanted, and rear-end. The results are shown below. Research questions: Is the mean repair cost affected by crash type and/or vehicle type? Are the observed effects (if any) large enough to be of practical importance (as opposed to statistical significance)?

You may need to use the appropriate appendix table or technology to answer this question. A national standardized test consists of three parts: critical reading, mathematics, and writing. Suppose each part of the test is scored on a 200- to 800-point scale with a median of approximately 510. Scores for each part of the test can be assumed to be symmetric. Use the following data to test the hypothesis that the population median score for the students taking the writing portion of the test is 510. 635 701 439 447 464 502 405 453 471 476 447 590 337 387 514 State the null and alternative hypotheses. O Ho: Median # 510 H₂: Median = 510 O Ho: Median 2 510 H₂: Median 510 ✓ Find the value of the test statistic. T = Find the p-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) p-value = Using a = 0.05, what is your conclusion? O Reject Ho. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the population median writing test score is not 510. Ⓒ Do not reject Ho. There is not sufficient evidence to…

The accompanying data were read from a plot (and are a subset of the complete data set) given in an article. The data represent the mean response times for a group of individuals with closed-head injury (CHI) and a matched control group without head injury on 10 different tasks. Each observation was based on a different study, and used different subjects, so it is reasonable to assume that the observations are independent. y = Study 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Response Time CHI 302 492 658 684 922 1044 1421 1329 1481 1815 t = Control 250 360 475 (a) Fit a linear regression model that would allow you to predict the mean response time for those suffering a closed-head injury from the mean response time on the same task for individuals with no head injury. (Round your answers to four decimal places.) 525 610 740 880 920 1010 1200 (b) Do the sample data support the hypothesis that there is a useful linear relationship between the mean response time for individuals with no head injury and the…

2) Researchers are interested in whether there is any relationship between a person's IQ (x- variable) and how long they live (y-variable). Answer the questions below by using the data provided. Show your work and use the back of the page if necessary. X Y 10 3 6. 6. 7 4 3 4 a) What type of statistical analysis would be most appropriate to use in this scenario? Please justify your answer. b) Please state the null and alternative hypotheses. c) Please report the results of your statistical analyses and make a decision about whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis Use alpha = .05 (two-tailed). %3D

The phrase “Correlation does not equal causation” means:   Question 30 options:   there is no guarantee that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables that are correlated.   there is only a 30% chance that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables.   a cause-and-effect relationship only certainly exists when data are gathered in a specific way.   a cause-and-effect relationship can only exist with ratio-level variables.

Consider the following research questions/study scenarios. For each study, discuss the most appropriate methods for describing the data (graphically and numerically).  What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions?  Be sure to provide a justification of the statistical method.  What statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses. An investigation of the association between drink preferences and the color of teeth is proposed. Subjects will be surveyed as to the type of drink most often consumed (coffee/tea. Juice, caramel-colored soda, water, or milk).  A clinical exam will be performed after dental cleaning to determine the color of the teeth (reddish brown, reddish yellow, gray, reddish gray).

You also conducted a review of the research literature and found that similar studies examining the relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cancer found the following: Smithson et al. RR 3.3 (95% CI:1.95-5.20)  Ribera et al. RR 2.1 (95% CI:1.17-3.33)  Gonzalez et al. RR 2.75 (95% CI 2.26-3.45) Which one of Hill’s criteria does this illustrate? Explain.