Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
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Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains bo…
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic sol…
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached t…
Question
**Question 55:** For each of the following, identify the product (represented by A, B, and C) that would be formed through the indicated sequence of steps from the given starting material. **(a)** 1. Starting Material: Benzene ring 2. Reaction Steps: - (1) Cl₂, AlCl₃ - (2) HNO₃, H₂SO₄ - (3) Mg, ether - (4) CO₂, H⁺ - (5) NaBH₄, H₂O 3. Product: A **(c)** 1. Starting Material: Naphthalene 2. Reaction Steps: - (1) ⊝→Δ - (2) H₂, Pd/C - (3) Br₂, FeBr₃ 3. Product: C *Note: The reactions involve common organic chemistry transformations including chlorination, nitration, reduction, Grignard reaction, aromatic substitution, and hydrogenation. Each step modifies the structure leading to the final product labeled as A, B, or C.*
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Transcribed Image Text:**Question 55:** For each of the following, identify the product (represented by A, B, and C) that would be formed through the indicated sequence of steps from the given starting material. **(a)** 1. Starting Material: Benzene ring 2. Reaction Steps: - (1) Cl₂, AlCl₃ - (2) HNO₃, H₂SO₄ - (3) Mg, ether - (4) CO₂, H⁺ - (5) NaBH₄, H₂O 3. Product: A **(c)** 1. Starting Material: Naphthalene 2. Reaction Steps: - (1) ⊝→Δ - (2) H₂, Pd/C - (3) Br₂, FeBr₃ 3. Product: C *Note: The reactions involve common organic chemistry transformations including chlorination, nitration, reduction, Grignard reaction, aromatic substitution, and hydrogenation. Each step modifies the structure leading to the final product labeled as A, B, or C.*
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