Question 5.The biosynthesis of fatty acids involves an enzyme-catalyzed hydrogenation of ana,ß-unsaturated thioester to the saturated fatty acid intermediate mediated byNADPH+. However, the reverse oxidation reaction during fatty acid metabolismrequires a different cofactor FAD.Fatty AcidBiosynthesisa) Draw the structure of FAD.HfloconSCOAHSR+ FAD- FADH₂hydrogenation(reduction)NADPH+, H+dehydrogenation(oxidation)FADFatty AcidMetabolismb) Draw a detailed mechanism of the dehydrogenation of fatty acyl-CoA by FAD(you can abbreviate AD as R).HSR

a. Structure of FADFlavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a cofactor for cytochrome-b5 reductase, the…

Answered: Question 5. The biosynthesis of fatty…

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305960060

Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen

Publisher:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen

Chapter23: Carbohydrate Metabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23.68E

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The rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.
Stearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure of the fatty acyl-CoA that this forms (you don't have to draw out all of the atoms in coenzyme A; you can represent it as S-, and then show all of the reactions). Draw & identify all of the compounds formed when the eighteen carbon fat is converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA and the fourteen-carbon fat via two turns of the fatty acid spiral. List the enzymes and coenzymes that are part of the pathway.
The enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as: NAD* NADH + H* Но- H-Ć- Н—с—н H- malate dehydrogenase Oxaloacetate Malate
One of the steps that occur during the synthesis of ketone bodies is shown below. OH D-beta-hydroxybutyrate Dehydrógenase .coo coo0 H3C cooo Нас acetoacetate D-beta-hydroxybutyrate Does this process require FAD or NAD*, FADH2 or NADH as the reactant coenzyme? Explain your answer in a few words.
The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is part of the pentose pathway for glucose oxidation. What enzyme that is involved in glucose oxidation by the citric acid cycle has a very similar reaction mechanism to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinate dehydrogenase D) malate dehydrogenase E) pyruvate dehydrogenase (99+ RATI a
If you discover a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathway was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction as shown below: NAD* NADH + H* Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H, 3-phosphoglycerate Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain.
Define acetylcholinesterase
There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.
Place the steps of glycolysis in the order that they occur. Last step Answer Bank Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Aldolase cleaves the six-carbon sugar into two three-carbon sugars. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate. 3-Phosphoglycerate is formed. Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by phosphofructokinase. First step
1. You have a glucose molecule that is radiolabeled at carbon 5. a). Indicate which carbon(s) in pyruvate would be radiolabeled: b). If pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate through pyruvate carboxylase, indicate the labeling pattern on the CH,OH H H. OH H но H3C- -coo он first isocitrate produced. ÇoO CH2 HÇ -Co HO-CH c). Indicate the labeling pattern and distribution in oxaloacetate at the end of this turn of the TCA cycle.: čoo Coo CH2 d). What turn of the TCA cycle would label start to be lost as CO; (1 turn has been completed) ? e). Which carbon in pyruvate would have been labeled to give you the labeling pattern in part c, if that pyruvate went through PDH and the TCA cycle, instead of pyruvate carboxylase. H3C -co f). How is the label in part c physically distributed on actual oxaloacetate molecules?
All of the following enzymes regulate glycolysis except? Phosphofructokinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Hexokinase Pyruvate kinase Question 6 ( Which of the following enzymes is regulated by the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate? Hexokinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Pyruvate kinase Phosphofructokinase
Draw the ATP - ADP Cycle and describe how each molecule (ATP, ADP, Phosphocreatine,carbohydrates) functions in this cycle. Part 2: Molecular Flowchart and RolesThere are four molecules: creatine, phosphocreatine, ATP, and ADP. Create a linear sequenceflowchart or pathway that illustrates how these molecules are interconnected during exercise.Describe the role of each molecule in the energy transfer process and explain how theycontribute to the generation and utilization of energy during exercise. Part 3: Effects of Hard Exercise Describe how vigorous exercise changes the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine,creatine, Pi (inorganic phosphate), IMP (inosine monophosphate), and ammonium in muscles.

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