Problem 1.1QP: Discuss some ways in which chemistry has changed technology. Give one or more examples of how... Problem 1.2QP: Define the terms experiment and theory. How are theory and experiment related? What is a hypothesis? Problem 1.3QP: Illustrate the steps in the scientific method using Rosenbergs discovery of the anticancer activity... Problem 1.4QP: Define the terms matter and mass. What is the difference between mass and weight? Problem 1.5QP Problem 1.6QP Problem 1.7QP: Characterize gases, liquids, and solids in terms of compressibility and fluidity. Problem 1.8QP Problem 1.9QP: Give examples of an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, and a homogeneous mixture. Problem 1.10QP: What phases or states of matter are present in a glass of bubbling carbonated beverage that contains... Problem 1.11QP: What distinguishes an element from a compound? Can a compound also be an element? Problem 1.12QP Problem 1.13QP Problem 1.14QP Problem 1.15QP: How does the International System (SI) obtain units of different size from a given unit? How does... Problem 1.16QP Problem 1.17QP Problem 1.18QP: Why should units be carried along with numbers in a calculation? Problem 1.19QP: When the quantity 12.9 g is added to 2 1002 g, how many significant figures should be reported in... Problem 1.20QP Problem 1.21QP: A 75.0-g sample of a pure liquid, liquid A, with a density of 3.00 g/mL is mixed with a 50.0-mL... Problem 1.22QP: Which of the following represents the smallest mass? a 23 cg b 2.3 103 g c 0.23 mg d 0.23 g e 2.3 ... Problem 1.23QP: Physical and Chemical Changes Say you are presented with two beakers, beaker A and beaker B, each... Problem 1.25QP: a Sodium metal is partially melted. What are the two phases present? b A sample of sand is composed... Problem 1.26QP: A material is believed to be a compound. Suppose you have several samples of this material obtained... Problem 1.27QP: You need a thermometer that is accurate to 5C to conduct some experiments in the temperature range... Problem 1.28QP: Imagine that you get the chance to shoot five arrows at each of the targets depicted below. On each... Problem 1.29QP: Say you live in a climate where the temperature ranges from 100F to 20F and you want to define a new... Problem 1.30QP: You are presented with a piece of metal in a jar. It is your job to determine what the metal is.... Problem 1.31QP: You have two identical boxes with interior dimensions of 8.0 cm 8.0 cm 8.0 cm. You completely fill... Problem 1.32QP: Consider the following compounds and their densities. You create a column of the liquids in a glass... Problem 1.33QP: Which of the following items have a mass of about 1 g? a grain of sand a paper clip a nickel a... Problem 1.34QP: What is the length of the nail reported to the correct number of significant figures? Problem 1.35QP: For these questions, be sure to apply the rules for significant figures. a You are conducting an... Problem 1.36QP: You are teaching a class of second graders some chemistry, and they are confused about an objects... Problem 1.37QP: A 15.5 g sample of sodium carbonate is added to a solution of acetic acid weighing 19.7 g. The two... Problem 1.38QP: Some iron wire weighing 5.6 g is placed in a beaker and covered with 15.0 g of dilute hydrochloric... Problem 1.39QP: Zinc metal reacts with yellow crystals of sulfur in a fiery reaction to produce a white powder of... Problem 1.40QP: Aluminum metal reacts with bromine, a red-brown liquid with a noxious odor. The reaction is vigorous... Problem 1.41QP: Give the normal state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the following. a sodium hydrogen carbonate... Problem 1.42QP: Give the normal state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the following. a potassium hydrogen... Problem 1.43QP: Which of the following are physical changes and which are chemical changes? a melting of sodium... Problem 1.44QP: For each of the following, decide whether a physical or a chemical change is involved. a dissolving... Problem 1.45QP: A sample of mercury(II) oxide was heated to produce mercury metal and oxygen gas. Then the liquid... Problem 1.46QP: Solid iodine, contaminated with salt, was heated until the iodine vaporized. The violet vapor of... Problem 1.47QP: The following are properties of substances. Decide whether each is a physical property or a chemical... Problem 1.48QP: Decide whether each of the following is a physical property or a chemical property of the substance.... Problem 1.49QP: Iodine is a solid having somewhat lustrous, blue-black crystals. The crystals vaporize readily to a... Problem 1.50QP: Mercury(II) oxide is an orange-red solid with a density of 11.1 g/cm3. It decomposes when heated to... Problem 1.51QP: Consider the following separations of materials. State whether a physical process or a chemical... Problem 1.52QP: All of the following processes involve a separation of either a mixture into substances or a... Problem 1.53QP: Label each of the following as a substance, a heterogeneous mixture, or a solution. a seawater b... Problem 1.54QP: Indicate whether each of the following materials is a substance, a heterogeneous mixture, or a... Problem 1.55QP: Which of the following are pure substances and which are mixtures? For each, list all of the... Problem 1.56QP: Which of the following are pure substances and which are mixtures? For each, list all of the... Problem 1.57QP: How many significant figures are there in each of the following measurements? a 57.00 g b 0.0503 kg... Problem 1.58QP: How many significant figures are there in each of the following measurements? a 4.0100 mg b 0.05930... Problem 1.59QP: The circumference of the earth at the equator is 40,000 km. This value is precise to two significant... Problem 1.60QP: The astronomical unit equals the mean distance between the earth and the sun. This distance is... Problem 1.61QP: Assuming all numbers are measured quantities, do the indicated arithmetic and give the answer to the... Problem 1.62QP: Assuming all numbers are measured quantities, do the indicated arithmetic and give the answer to the... Problem 1.63QP Problem 1.64QP Problem 1.65QP: Write the following measurements, without scientific notation, using the appropriate SI prefix. a... Problem 1.66QP: Write the following measurements, without scientific notation, using the appropriate SI prefix. a... Problem 1.67QP: Using scientific notation, convert: a 6.15 ps to s b 3.781 m to m c 1.546 to m d 9.7 mg to g Problem 1.68QP: Using scientific notation, convert: a 6.20 km to m b 1.98 ns to s c 2.54 cm to m d 5.23 g to g Problem 1.69QP: Convert: a 68F to degrees Celsius b 23F to degrees Celsius c 26C to degrees Fahrenheit d 81C to... Problem 1.70QP: Convert: a 51F to degrees Celsius b 11F to degrees Celsius c 41C to degrees Fahrenheit d 22C to... Problem 1.71QP: Salt and ice are stirred together to give a mixture to freeze ice cream. The temperature of the... Problem 1.72QP Problem 1.73QP: A certain sample of the mineral galena (lead sulfide) weighs 12.4 g and has a volume of 1.64 cm3.... Problem 1.74QP: A flask contains a 30.0 mL sample of acetone (nail polish remover) that weighs 23.6 grams. What is... Problem 1.75QP: A liquid with a volume of 8.5 mL has a mass of 6.71 g. The liquid is either octane, ethanol, or... Problem 1.76QP Problem 1.77QP: Platinum has a density of 21.4 g/cm3. What is the mass of 5.9 cm3 of this metal? Problem 1.78QP: What is the mass of a 43.8-mL sample of gasoline, which has a density of 0.70 g/cm3? Problem 1.79QP: Ethanol has a density of 0.789 g/cm3. What volume must be poured into a graduated cylinder to give... Problem 1.80QP: Bromine is a red-brown liquid with a density of 3.10 g/mL. A sample of bromine weighing 88.5 g... Problem 1.81QP: Sodium hydrogen carbonate, known commercially as baking soda, reacts with acidic materials such as... Problem 1.82QP: The acidic constituent in vinegar is acetic acid. A 10.0-mL sample of a certain vinegar contains 611... Problem 1.83QP: The different colors of light have different wavelengths. The human eye is most sensitive to light... Problem 1.84QP: Water consists of molecules (groups of atoms). A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms, each... Problem 1.85QP: The total amount of fresh water on earth is estimated to be 3.73 108 km3. What is this volume in... Problem 1.86QP: A submicroscopic particle suspended in a solution has a volume of 1.3 m3. What is this volume in... Problem 1.87QP: How many grams are there in 3.58 short tons? Note that 1 g = 0.03527 oz (ounces avoirdupois), 1 lb... Problem 1.88QP Problem 1.89QP: The first measurement of sea depth was made in 1840 in the central South Atlantic, where a plummet... Problem 1.90QP: The estimated amount of recoverable oil from the field at Prudhoc Bay in Alaska is 1.3 1010... Problem 1.91QP: A fish tank is 24.2 in. long, 15.9 in. deep, and 14.8 in. high. What is the maximum volume of water,... Problem 1.92QP: The population density of worms in a particular field is 33 worms per cubic meter of soil. How many... Problem 1.93QP Problem 1.94QP: An antacid tablet weighing 0.853 g contained calcium carbonate as the active ingredient, in addition... Problem 1.95QP: When a mixture of aluminum powder and iron(III) oxide is ignited, it produces molten iron and... Problem 1.96QP: When chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium bromide, the sodium bromide reacts to give... Problem 1.97QP: A beaker weighed 50.90 g. To the beaker was added 5.680 g of iron pellets and 53.3 g of hydrochloric... Problem 1.98QP Problem 1.99QP: Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property of each listed chemical substance.... Problem 1.100QP: Describe each of the following as a physical or chemical property of each listed chemical substance.... Problem 1.101QP: Analyses of several samples of a material containing only iron and oxygen gave the following... Problem 1.102QP: A red-orange solid contains only mercury and oxygen. Analyses of three different samples gave the... Problem 1.103QP: A cubic box measures 39.3 cm on an edge. What is the volume of the box in cubic centimeters? Express... Problem 1.104QP: A cylinder with circular cross section has a radius of 2.56 cm and a height of 56.32 cm. What is the... Problem 1.105QP: An aquarium has a rectangular cross section that is 47.8 in. by 12.5 in.; it is 19.5 in. high. How... Problem 1.106QP: A spherical tank has a radius of 175.0 in. Calculate the volume of the tank in cubic inches; then... Problem 1.107QP: Obtain the difference in volume between two spheres, one of radius 5.61 cm, the other of radius 5.85... Problem 1.108QP: What is the difference in surface area between two circles, one of radius 7.98 cm, the other of... Problem 1.109QP: Perform the following arithmetic setups and express the answers to the correct number of significant... Problem 1.110QP Problem 1.111QP: For each of the following, write the measurement in terms of an appropriate prefix and base unit. a... Problem 1.112QP: For each of the following, write the measurement in terms of an appropriate prefix and base unit. a... Problem 1.113QP: Write each of the following in terms of the SI base unit (that is, express the prefix as the power... Problem 1.114QP: Write each of the following in terms of the SI base unit (that is, express the prefix as the power... Problem 1.115QP: Tungsten metal, which is used in lightbulb filaments, has the highest melting point of any metal... Problem 1.116QP: Titanium metal is used in aerospace alloys to add strength and corrosion resistance. Titanium melts... Problem 1.117QP: Calcium carbonate, a white powder used in toothpastes, antacids, and other preparations, decomposes... Problem 1.118QP Problem 1.119QP: Gallium metal can be melted by the heat of ones hand. Its melting point is 29.8C. What is this... Problem 1.120QP: Mercury metal is liquid at normal temperatures but freezes at 38.9C. What is this temperature in... Problem 1.121QP: Zinc metal can be purified by distillation (transforming the liquid metal to vapor, then condensing... Problem 1.122QP: Iodine is a bluish-black solid. It forms a violet-colored vapor when heated. The solid melts at... Problem 1.123QP: An aluminum alloy used in the construction of aircraft wings has a density of 2.70 g/cm3. Express... Problem 1.124QP: Vanadium metal is added to steel to impart strength. The density of vanadium is 5.96 g/cm3. Express... Problem 1.125QP: The density of quartz mineral was determined by adding a weighed piece to a graduated cylinder... Problem 1.126QP Problem 1.127QP: Some bottles of colorless liquids were being labeled when the technicians accidentally mixed them up... Problem 1.128QP: Providing no reaction occurs, a solid will float on any liquid that is more dense than it is. The... Problem 1.129QP: Platinum metal is used in jewelry; it is also used in automobile catalytic converters. What is the... Problem 1.130QP: Ultrapure silicon is used to make solid-state devices, such as computer chips. What is the mass of a... Problem 1.131QP: Vinegar contains acetic acid (about 5% by mass). Pure acetic acid has a strong vinegar smell but is... Problem 1.132QP: Ethyl acetate has a characteristic fruity odor and is used as a solvent in paint lacquers and... Problem 1.133QP Problem 1.134QP Problem 1.135QP: Convert; a 5.91 kg of chrome yellow to milligrams b 753 mg of vitamin A to micrograms c 90.1 MHz... Problem 1.136QP: Convert: a 7.19 g of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) to milligrams b 104 pm, the radius of a sulfur... Problem 1.137QP: The largest of the Great Lakes is Lake Superior, which has a volume of 12,230 km3. What is this... Problem 1.138QP: The average flow of the Niagara River is 3.50 km3 per week. What is this volume in liters? Problem 1.139QP: A room measures 10.0 ft 11.0 ft and is 9.0 ft high. What is its volume in liters? Problem 1.140QP Problem 1.141QP: The masses of diamonds and gems are measured in carats. A carat is defined as 200 mg. If a jeweler... Problem 1.142QP: One year of world production of gold was 49.6 106 troy ounces. One troy ounce equals 31.10 g. What... Problem 1.143QP Problem 1.144QP: All good experiments start with a scientific question. What was the scientific question that Art Fry... Problem 1.145QP Problem 1.146QP Problem 1.147QP Problem 1.148QP: A 33.0-g sample of an unknown liquid at 20.0C is heated to 120C. During this heating, the density of... Problem 1.149QP: A 124-g sample of a pure liquid, liquid A, with a density of 3.00 g/mL is mixed with a 40.8-mL... Problem 1.150QP: On a long trip you travel 832 miles in 21 hours. During this trip, you use 31 gallons of gasoline. a... Problem 1.151QP: The density of lead at 20C is 11.3 g/cm3. Rank the volumes of the following quantities of lead from... Problem 1.152QP Problem 1.153QP Problem 1.154QP: The density of liquid water at 80C is 972 kg/m3 and at 20C is 998 kg/m3. If you have 200.0 mL of... Problem 1.155QP Problem 1.156QP: At 20C liquid gasoline gas has a density of 0.75 g/cm3. If a 5.5-mL sample of gasoline is placed... Problem 1.157QP: The figures below represent a gas trapped in containers. The orange balls represent individual gas... Problem 1.158QP: An ice cube measures 3.50 cm on each edge and weighs 39.45 g. a Calculate the density of ice. b... Problem 1.159QP: The total length of all the DNA molecules contained in a human body is 1 1010 miles. The population... Problem 1.160QP: Prospectors are considering searching for gold on a plot of land that contains 1.31 g of gold per... Problem 1.161QP: A solution is prepared by dissolving table salt, sodium chloride, in water at room temperature. a... Problem 1.162QP: Water and saline (salt) solution have in common that they are both homogeneous. How do these... Problem 1.163QP: When 11.1 g of marble chips (calcium carbonate) is treated with 54.3 mL of hydrochloric acid... Problem 1.164QP: Zinc ore (zinc sulfide) is treated with sulfuric acid, leaving a solution with some undissolved bits... Problem 1.165QP: A steel sphere has a radius of 1.58 in. If this steel has a density of 7.88 g/cm3, what is the mass... Problem 1.166QP: A weather balloon filled with helium has a diameter of 3.50 ft. What is the mass in grams of the... Problem 1.167QP Problem 1.168QP Problem 1.169QP: A sample of an ethanolwater solution has a volume of 54.2 cm3 and a mass of 49.6 g. What is the... Problem 1.170QP: You have a piece of gold jewelry weighing 9.35 g. Its volume is 0.654 cm3. Assume that the metal is... Problem 1.171QP: A sample of vermilion-colored mineral was weighed in air, then weighed again while suspended in... Problem 1.172QP: A sample of a bright blue mineral was weighed in air, then weighed again while suspended in water.... Problem 1.173QP Problem 1.174QP: An experimenter places a piece of a solid metal weighing 255 g into a graduated cylinder, which she... Problem 1.175QP Problem 1.176QP: The expected outcome for the amount of sugar in a beverage is 32.00 g sugar. Describe the following... format_list_bulleted
