Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
![### Educational Quiz Questions on Evolution and Adaptation
#### Multiple Choice Questions:
1. **[Concept: Factor Affecting Organism's Fitness]**
Which of the following increases the genetic variability among offspring?
- A. Heritability
- B. Overproduction
- C. Reproductive advantage
- D. Variation
2. **[Concept: Darwinian Theory Evaluation]**
The ability of an organism to compete successfully for environmental resources, survive, and reproduce is called:
- A. Heritability
- B. Overproduction
- C. Reproductive advantage
- D. Variation
3. **[Concept: Lamarck's Theory of Evolution]**
Which of the following best explains Lamarck's theory of evolution?
- A. Organisms best suited for their particular environments will survive
- B. Organisms do not change
- C. Organisms pass on acquired traits to their offspring
- D. Organisms whose adaptations maximize fitness have a greater chance of survival
4. **[Concept: Evolutionary Adaptations]**
Evolutionary advantages or favorable features are referred to as which of the following?
- A. Adaptations
- B. Fitness
- C. Genetic equilibrium
- D. Rate of change
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