Question 2: This diagram shows an example of memory configuration under dynamic partitioning, after a number of placement and swapping-out operations have been carried out. Addresses go from left to right; gray areas indicate blocks occupied by processes; white areas indicate free memory blocks. The last process placed is 2-Mbyte and is marked with an X. Only one process was swapped out after that. 4M M X 5M 8M 2M 4M 3M a. What was the maximum size of the swapped-out process? b. What was the size of the free block just before it was partitioned by X? C. A new 3-Mbyte allocation request must be satisfied next. Indicate the intervals of memory where a partition will be created for the new process under the following four placement algorithms: best-fit, first-fit, next-fit, worst-fit. For each algorithm,

2. Suppose we have the diagram of memory shown below under a dynamic partitioning scheme. Blue areas represent blocks occupied by processes, blanks are holes (with sizes in Mbytes as indicate), The cross-hatched region is the location of the most recently loaded process. It is the only process in that region of memory. Its size is 5 M-byte. Only one process was swapped out after that. What is the maximum size of the swapped-out process? What is the size of the free block just before it was portioned by the crosshatched process? What algorithm was used to place the 5 Mbyte process? Why? 12 34 3 4 06 20

For Heap File with a page directory, assume that a page can contain up to 100 directory entries and a page can contain 1000 records, for a file of 1,000,000 records, what is the number of pages to store these records, assuming that on average data pages are filled up 70%? With this data page utilization, what is the number of pages to store the directory, assuming that each directory page is full? Assuming both the directory and the file are stored on disk, what is the I/O cost to insert one record in worst case, and in the average case?

iz Instructions through the questions for each of the sections. You may submit this exercise twice. Consider a memory of size 8KB (8192 bytes) that allows dynamic, variable sized partitioning among processes and uses a linked list to keep track of free spaces (hereafter referred to as the free list) in the memory at any given time. Assume that there are 6 processes and assume that their memory size requirements (in bytes) are as given below: P1: 500, P2: 600, P3: 1300, P4: 2000, P5: 100, P6: 200 Assume that the initial state of the free list is as shown below (BA is the base address and Sz is the size of each free space): BA: 0; Sz: 1100 BA: 1200: Sz: 600 BA: 2000; Sz: 1800→BA: 6000; Sz 400 in its initial state Assume that the next fit policy

Operating sys :In the following producer and consumer problem using semaphores, explain with an example (semaphore values), how a producer sends a signal to a consumer, so that the consumer does not have to check the buffer all the time. /*program, Producer/Consumer */ semaphore n = 0;  /* no of items in the buffer */ semaphore s = 1;  /* ME semaphore */ void Producer () {        while(TRUE)        {                 produce();                 wait(s);                 append();                 signal(s);             signal(n);        } }                 void Consumer () {        while(TRUE)        {                 wait(n);             wait(s);                 take();                 signal(s);                 consume();        } }

Consider a file system on a disk that has both logical and physical block sizes of 512 bytes. Assume that the information about each file is al ready in memory. For each of the three allocation strategies (contiguous, linked, and indexed), answer these questions: a. How is the logical-to-physical address mapping accomplished in this system? (For the indexed allocation, assume that a file is always less than 512 blocks long.) b. If we are currently at logical block 10 (the last block accessed was block 10) and want to access logical block 4, how many physical blocks must be read from the disk

Consider a file system that uses indexed allocation with a maximum of one index node per file. Suppose the index node occupies 4096 bytes, that each block pointer occupies 4 bytes. Ignore the metadata associated with the file that is usually contained in the index node. How large should a block be (in bytes) so that this scheme is able to completely access files on a 1 GB file system?

Write a C program Producer – Consumer as a classical problem of synchronizationStep 2. Write a program* that solves the producer - consumer problem. You may use the following pseudo code for implementation.*program to write: produce -consumer problem to produce and consume the alphabet.//Shared data: semaphore full, empty, mutex;//pool of n buffers, each can hold one item//mutex provides mutual exclusion to the buffer pool//empty and full count the number of empty and full buffers//Initially: full = 0, empty = n, mutex = 1//Producer thread do {…produce next item…wait(empty); wait(mutex);…add the item to buffer…signal(mutex); signal(full);} while (1);//Consumer thread do {wait(full) wait(mutex);…remove next item from buffer…signal(mutex); signal(empty);…consume the item } while (1);

Consider a memory of size 8KB (8192 bytes) that allows dynamic, variable sized partitioning among processes and uses a linked list to keep track of free spaces (hereafter referred to as the free list) in the memory at any given time. Assume that there are 6 processes and assume that their memory size requirements (in bytes) are as given below: Р1: 500, Р2: 600, Р3: 1300, Р4: 2000, Р5: 100, Р6: 200 Assume that the initial state of the free list is as shown below (BA is the base address and Sz is the size of each free space): ВА: 0; Sz: 1100 — ВА: 1200; Sz: 600 > BА: 2000; Sz: 1800> ВА: 6000%; Sz 400

Consider a fixed partitioning scheme with equal-size partitions of 2¹6 bytes and a total main memory size of 224 bytes. A process table is maintained that includes a pointer to a partition for each resident process. How many bits are required for the pointer?