Question 2 In an experiment on sweet peas, purple and long pollen grains were crossed with red and round pollen grains. The progeny in F2 generation were observed as follows in the table below. Long 220 Round Purple Red 105 90 17 Test the departure of F2 generation from the thcoretical ratio 9:3:3:1.
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- A snapdragon with pink petals, black anthers, and longstems was allowed to self-fertilize. From the resultingseeds, 650 adult plants were obtained. The phenotypesof these offspring are listed here.78 red long tan26 red short tan44 red long black15 red short black39 pink long tan13 pink short tan204 pink long black68 pink short black5 white long tan2 white short tan117 white long black39 white short blacka. Using P for one allele and p for the other, indicatehow flower color is inherited.b. What numbers of red : pink : white would havebeen expected among these 650 plants?c. How are anther color and stem length inherited?d. What was the genotype of the original plant?e. Do any of the three genes show independentassortment?f. For any genes that are linked, indicate the arrangements of the alleles on the homologous chromosomes in the original snapdragon, and estimate thedistance between the genesQUESTION 1 Crosses between a pure-breeding strain of white beet plants and a pure-breeding strain of yellow beet plants produced all white beet plants. The F1 plants were crossed to each other (self-cross) and the following F2 plants were observed: 95 white beet plants, 25 red beet plants and 7 yellow beet plants. How many genes determine beet color? Give the genotype of the parental white beet plant and the yellow beet plant. (Use A for a single gene inheritance, A and B for two gene inheritance and A, B, C for three gene inheritance. Write the genotype using proper notation.) Genotype of P1 white beet plant: Genotype of P1 yellow beet plant: What phenotypic ratio is observed in the F2 progeny? (List the ratio as a complete fraction next to the phenotype). Example: ½ purple Write the genotypes of the following F2 beet plants. (Write the genotype using proper notation.) Genotype of the F2 white beet: Genotype of the F2 red beet: Genotype of the F2 yellow beet:This problem leads you through the derivation of acorrected equation for RF in yeast tetrad analysis thattakes into account double crossover (DCO) meioses. A yeast strain that cannot grow in the absence ofthe amino acid histidine (his−) is mated with a yeaststrain that cannot grow in the absence of the aminoacid lysine (lys−). Among the 400 unordered tetrads resulting from this mating, 233 were PD, 11 wereNPD, and 156 were T.a. What types of spores are in the PD, NPD, andT tetrads?b. Are the his and lys genes linked? How do you know? c. Using the simple equation RF = 100 × [NPD +(1/2)T]/total tetrads, calculate the distance in mapunits between the his and lys genes.d. If you think about all the kinds of meiotic eventsthat could occur (refer to Fig. 5.24), you can seethat the calculation you did in part (c) may substantially underestimate RF. What kinds of meioses(NCO, SCO, or DCO) generated each of the tetradtypes in this cross? e. What incorrect assumptions does the simple RFequation…
- Question 5 [HINT: This problem wants you to calculate gene number from the proportion of individuals in the extreme classes, not from the number of phenotypes.] A farmer has two pure-breeding varieties of tomatoes: Little Pete (average fruit diameter 2cm) and Big Boy (average fruit diameter 14 cm). The farmer crosses Little Pete and Big Boy and obtains F1 plants with fruit averaging 8cm in diameter. When he intercrosses the F1s to obtain F2s, he examines 2000 F2 plants and finds two plants that produce fruit even smaller than Little Pete and three plants that produce fruit even larger than Big Boy. From these data, how many genes can we infer are involved in controlling fruit size in these plants? What is the genotype of Little Pete? What is the genotype of Big Boy? What is the genotype of the F1s? What are the genotypes that are bigger than Big Boy? What are the genotypes that are smaller than Little Pete?Question 6 During which of the following stagels) of the cell cycle would a chromosome consist of sister chromatids? O g1 O g2 O mitotic telophase O There is more than one correct answer above.asap
- QUESTION 3 In four o'clock plants, reciprocal crosses are performed with a green plant and a white plant. How will the offspring of the reciprocal crosses look? O The offspring of both crosses will be green. The offspring will be white if the egg came from the white plant and green if the egg came from the green plant. O The offspring will be white if the sperm came from the white plant and green if the sperm came from the green plant. O The offspring of both crosses will be variegated.QUESTION 1 In pea plants, round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r), yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y), and tall (T) is dominant to short (t). A homozygous round, heterozygous yellow, short pea plant is crossed with a wrinkled, heterozygous yellow, heterozygous tall plant. Show the branching diagram, along with the probabilities of all genotypes. What is the probability (show work) and phenotype of the following genotype: Rryytt. Attach FileQUESTION 2 A researcher crosses mice with brown eyes and short tails, and the F1 progeny were recovered in the following numbers and phenotypic classes: F1: 32 apricot, short : 30 brown, long : 139 brown, short : 9 apricot, long You know the genes encoding these traits are autosomal, completely dominant and assort independently. You want to use a chi-square test to analyse these results. a) Give the expected number of individuals in the "brown, short" class. b) What is your null hypothesis for the chi-square test? c) You obtain a value of 8.59 for the chi-square test. What conclusion can you make from the results of the chi-square test? d) Making use of the appropriate genetic convention for naming alleles, give the genotype of any of the progeny in the "apricot, short" class. df 0.995 0.975 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.05* 0.025 0.01 0.005 1 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.455 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879 2 0.010 0.051 0.211 1.386 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597 0.072 0.216 0.584 2.366 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345…
- QUESTION 6 Assume that a researcher is studying coat color in voles. Three strains of white vole have been isolated: milky, blanc, and weiss. White is a recessive trait in each strain. Homozygous white voles are obtained for each strain. Consider the following crosses: milky X weiss = all white progeny (mutant) milky X blanc = all brown (wild-type vole color) blanc X weiss = all brown (wild-type vole color) The conclusion most consistent with these results is O A all three strains have mutations in the same gene. O B. all three strains have mutations in different genes. OC. milky and blanc have mutations on the same gene, weiss has a mutation in a different gene. D. milky and weiss have mutations on the same gene, blanc has a mutation in a different gene. O E. weiss and blanc have mutations on the same gene, milky has a mutation in a different gene.Question 1 What are the haploid genotypes of the gametes and frequencies/proportions of those gametes that can be formed in individuals of each of the following diploid genotypes? (DON’T do a cross. Just predict the different haploid gamete genotypes that could be produced by each diploid genotype below.) Proportions can be expressed in ratio form or fractional form. Dd Ee ff GG Mm Nn Rr ZZQuestion #1 Since experimental crosses are not performed in humans, how do we know how traits are inherited? State the name of the analysis/ chart and explain in at least one sentence.