Question 2: A recent study investigated the impact of psychological stress on men's judgments of female body size. The men were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one group was assigned to participate in a stressful task while the other group did not take part in the task. Then the me were asked to rate the attractiveness of female bodies varying in size from emaciated to obe I. What are the cases in this study? II. Is this an experiment or an observational study? A) Experiment B) Observational study II. Identify the explanatory variable in this experiment. A) Type of task (stressful or not) B) Rating of the attractiveness of the female body sizes IV. Identify the response variable in this experiment. A) Type of task (stressful or not) B) Rating of the attractiveness of the female body sizes V. Is a control group used in this experiment? A) Yes B) No

QUESTION 18 A researcher notes that there seems to be a difference in the prevalence of high blood pressure among college-educated individuals who consume low amounts of processed foods and the prevalence of individuals who only have a high school education and consume high amounts of processed foods. Use the appropriate hypothesis to test for the independence of the two independent variables presented here at the 5% significance level to ensure confounding has not influenced the study’s results. Then, interpret your response.   Diet Low in Processed Foods Normal BP High BP Total College Education 124 55 179 High School Education 69 152 221 Total 193 207 400   Diet High in Processed Foods Normal BP High BP Total College Education 64 85 149 High School Education 98 153 251 Total 162 238 400     The chi square value of 37.724 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84; therefore, we do not reject H0 at the 5% level and reject H1, which states that level…

In a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man's sense of humor had significant effect on how he was perceieved by woman. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a po tential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single , ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one dition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when "a sense of humor" was included. To further examine this effect, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16colle college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description . The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor…

In an early study of the effects of frustration on feelings of hostility, Miller and Bugelski (1948) had a group of boys at a camp rate their attitudes toward two groups (Mexicans and Japanese). The campers then participated in a long, difficult, frustrating testing session that kept them away from their weekly movie. Finally the boys again rated their attitudes towards the minority groups. The scores below represent the number of unfavorable traits attributed to minorities and are similar to those of miller and Bugelski.    Participant   Before          After    A                  5                    6    B                  4                    4    C                  3                    5    D                  3                    4    E                  2                    4    F                  2                     3    G                 1                    3    H                 0                    2   a. Does the intervening unpleasant task alter attitudes toward the two…