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- Each of the following properties shows a regular trend inGroup 1A(1). Predict whether each increases or decreases upthegroup: (a) melting point; (b) E−E bond length; (c) hardness; (d) molar volume; (e) lattice energy of EBr.Each of the following properties shows a regular trend inGroup 1A(1). Predict whether each increases or decreases downthe group: (a) density; (b) ionic size; (c) E−E bond energy; (d) IE₁; (e) magnitude of ΔH(hydr) of E⁺ion.Thionyl chloride (SOCl₂) is a sulfur oxohalide used indus-trially to dehydrate metal halide hydrates. (a) Write a balancedequation for its reaction with magnesium chloride hexahydrate,in which SO₂ and HCl form along with the metal halide. (b) Drawa Lewis structure of SOCl₂ with minimal formal charges.
- 10. The following Lewis structures for (a) HCN, (b) C3H;, (c) SnOz, (d) BF3, (e)HOF are incorrect. Explain what is wrong with each one and give a correct structure for the molecule. (Relative positions of atoms are shown correctly.) (a) H-ëN (b) HCC-H (c) 0-Sn-0 (d) :F B :F: (e) H-O-F:Plz help with hw Calculate the energy (in kJ/mol) that electrons acquire as a result of being accelerate through a potential of 80 V. (b) How does this energy compare to that of a typical chemical bond?Boric acid, B(OH)3, is an acid that acts differently from the usual Brønsted-Lowry acids. It reacts with water according to B(OH);(aq) + 2 H,0(€)2B(OH), (aq) + H;O* (aq) K, = 5.8 × 10¬10 (a) Draw Lewis structures for B(OH); and B(OH)4. Can these be described as Lewis acids or Lewis bases? (b) Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of B(OH)3(aq).
- Chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) is used as a commercial bleachingagent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In thecourse of these reactions, the ClO2 is itself reduced. (a)What is the Lewis structure for ClO2? (b) Why do you thinkthat ClO2 is reduced so readily? (c) When a ClO2 moleculegains an electron, the chlorite ion, ClO2-, forms. Draw theLewis structure for ClO2-. (d) Predict the O—Cl—O bondangle in the ClO2- ion. (e) One method of preparing ClO2is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite:Cl2(g) + 2 NaClO2(s)------>2 ClO2(g) + 2 NaCl(s)If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorinegas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21 °C, how many gramsof ClO2 can be prepared?18. (a) Molecule N₂H4 (1) + 2 H₂O2 (1) → N2(g) + 4 H₂O (1) Complete the following table: Lewis Dot Structure (use dots or lines to show bonds) (b) (c) (d) N₂H4 H₂O2 N₂ H₂O Calculate the AH°rxn using average bond energies (Table 9.4 in textbook) Calculate the AH°rxn using the standard enthalpies of formation (Appendix 2 in textbook) Why are these two values slightly different?Calculate the energy (in kJ/mol) that electrons acquire as a result of being accelerate through a potential of 80 V. (b) How does this energy compare to that of a typical chemical bond?
- QUESTION 5 (31 MARKS) (a) (i) Draw a pz orbital and a d?-y? orbital. (4) (ii) What are the differences between a 5pz orbital and a 4d-y² orbital in the H atom? (6) (b) (i) Draw the Lewis structure of methanol, CH3OH(8). (3) (ii) Show with a simple diagram how methanol dissolves in water. Explain. (2) (c) How does the energy and length of the carbon-oxygen bond in CH3OH(t) compare with the carbon-oxygen distance in carbon monoxide? Explain. (5) (d) Chemical bonds can be classified as polar covalent, according to and (3) (e) Chemical bonds can also be classified as single or number of according to the (2) (f) Draw the Lewis structure(s) for SO3F¯. Explain the structure which you have drawn. (6)X Incorrect. The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, E, may be represented by EN = = A + B ph Where A, B, and n are constants whose values depend on the particular ionic system. Calculate the bonding energy Eo in terms of the parameters A, B, and n using the following procedure: (1) Differentiate EN with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to zero, since the curve of EN versus r is a minimum at Eo. (2) Solve for r in terms of A, B, and n, which yields ro, the equilibrium interionic spacing. (3) Determine the expression for Eo by substitution of ro into the above equation for EN. Which of the following equations represents the expression for Eo? Eo O Eo O Eo Eo O Eo = = = = = I I B 2/(2-n) A (4) nB (4) 1/(1-n) B 1/(1-n) A (A)" nB n/(2-n) A B 1/(1-n) (B)¹ nA + + + + + A n/(2-n) (4)" A (4)" nB B A n/(1-n) (4)" <| n/(1-n) A nB 5) ² B 1/(2-n) B B\n/(1-n) (B)" nAEach of the chemically active Period 2 elements forms stable compounds in which it has bonds to fluorine. (a) What are the names and formulas of these compounds? (b) Does ∆EN increase or decrease left to right across the period? (c) Does percent ionic character increase or decrease left to right? (d) Draw Lewis structures for these compounds