Q4. Consider a paging system with the page table stored in memory. Answer and explain the following. a. If a memory reference takes 75 nanoseconds, how long does a paged memory reference take? b. If we add TLBs, and if 80 percent of all page-table references are found in the TLBs, what is the effective memory reference time? (Assume that finding a page-table entry in the TLBs takes 4 ns)

Do you have a specific illustration in mind that illustrates how the operating environment works?

For what reasons is it beneficial to study assembly language in order to become an expert in operating systems?

Could you briefly describe each of the parts that make up the operating system? In essence, this indicates that

Our knowledge does not extend to the inner-most workings of computer operating systems.

What are some of the items that you would possibly want to add in the abstract portion of the text in order to develop your very own operating system?

For what reasons is it beneficial to study assembly language in order to become an expert in operating systems?

Why is understanding how operating systems interact with computers so important?

Could you clarify which operating system elements are the most important ones?

What are the most significant gains from operating system abstraction?