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- Discuss the principle of operation of pumped storage type hydroelectric power plant and discuss their advantages and disadvantages? Can the 'pumped storage type hydroelectric power plant’ replace the large energy storage batteries in the future power system, justify your answer with solid reasons.(c) With a sketch of block diagram, describe the importance of smart grid in modern electric power system.Incremental fuel costs in dollars per megawatthour for a plant consisting of two units are given by:dC(P)/dP = 0.0080 P1 + 8.0dC(P)/dP = 0.0096 P2 + 6.4Assume that both units are operating at all times, that total load varies from 250 to 1250 MW, and that maximum and minimum loads on each unit are to be 625MW and 100MW respectively. Find the incremental fuel cost and the allocation of load between units for the minimum cost of various total loads.Write your answers in the given format below.
- 2. a) Explain the terms load factor and diversity factor. b) Discuss the advantages of interconnected grid system. c) A generating station is to supply four regions of load whose peak loads are 10 MW, 5 MW, 8 MW and 7 MW. The diversity factor at the station is 1-5 and the average annual load factor is 60%. Calculate: (i) the maximum demand on the station, (ii) annual energy supplied by the station and (iii) suggest the installed capacity and the number of units.Give the analogous quantities for electrical current in pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems. b. Give example for isomorphic electric, pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems.Describe the concept of a "smart grid" in the context of a power system. What are the benefits and challenges of implementing a smart grid?
- Explain the concept of FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems) devices. How do they enhance the control and stability of power systems? Provide examples of FACTS devices and their applications.TOPIC: Power Systems, Power Plants & IlluminationINSTRUCTIONS:- Answer in this format: Given, Illustration, Required Conversion, Solution, Final Answer.- Step-by-step solution, do not skip even simple calculations to avoid confusion.- If answered in written form, make sure it is readable.PROBLEM: A generating station has two 50 MW units each running for 8,500 hours in a year and one 30 MW unit running for 1,250 hours in one year. The station output is 650 x 106 kWh per year. Calculate the utilization factor. 0.732 0.653 0.811 0.795Explain the concept of "smart grids" and how they contribute to the efficiency and reliability of power systems.