Q1. Sodium sulphate decahydrate crystals (NazS04.10H2O), DH are produced in a continuous vacuum crystallizer. Concentrated sodium sulphate solution from an evaporation system with a flow rate of 2000 kg/h at 80°C and 1 atm is mixed with 4000 kg/h of a saturated aqueous recycle filtrate of sodium sulphate solution at 20°C and 1 atm. The mixture is sent to the vacuum crystallizer, operating at 20°C and 50 mmHg, to produce water vapor and magma of 25 wt% crystals and 75 wt% saturated solution. The magma is then sent to a filter, from which filtrate is recycled. a) Draw a block diagram of the process. b) Define the streams and units in the block diagram. c) Mark the streams on temperature versus concentration diagram and enthalpy concentration diagram. Determine:

An inlet water solution of 800kg/h containing 12.0 wt % acetone is extracted with the solvent trichloroethane containing 0.5 wt % acetone in a countercurrent tray tower at 250C. The trichloroethane is essentially immiscible with water up to a concentration of acetone in water of 27 wt %. The exit concentration in the water stream is set at 1.0 wt % acetone. The equilibrium data is tabulated in Table 1. Table 1: The equilibrium data 0.0196 0.0467 0.0741 0.0909 0.0120 0.0294 0.0462 0.0571 0.0833 0.1081 0.1316 0.1304 0.1666 0.2000 a) Determine the minimum solvent rate needed for this extraction. b) Using 1.5 time the minimum rate, graphically determine the number of theoretical steps needed in the process. c) Calculate theoretical step using analytical equation d) For a packed tower with this sytem, the height of the transfer unit HoL has been estimated as 0.9m. calculate the number of transfer units NoL and the tower height in this process.

Complete the question by hand calculation(please show every step):-Do the mass balance, and find the flow rate of the vapour and liquid outlets of the last separator and purge stream and recycle stream flow rate for the following question by HAND CALCULATION:- Methanol can be produced from natural gas(syngas gas)the following syngas gas (feed) has the following conditions and composition 915 kgmole/hour Temperature 131.7 ºCPressure 1187 psiaComponent Composition (mol%)Carbon Monoxide 15.63Carbon Dioxide 7.93Hydrogen 73.31Nitrogen 0.33Methane 2.61Water 0.19TOTAL 100.00How the proccess flow diagram is attached to this question.Details of the process:- Firstly feed is mixed with the recycle stream using a mixer Output of the mixer is put into the reactorwhere the following two reactions occur:-CO2 + 3H2 <--> CH3OH + H2OANDCO + 2H2 <--> CH3OH Reactor output is cooled to from  246.3 degrees celcius to 37.78 degrees using a cooler(using 4.229e+007 of heatflow)  Then the cooled…

A sealed 2-Liter container contains 1.2 L of water and 0.8 L of air. The temperature is 25°C. One hundred ug of a pollutant are added to the container. The container is then incubated until equilibrium is achieved between all two phases. KH is 10.7 L-atm/mol at 25°C. Assuming that no chemical or biological degradation occurs during incubation, what is the aqueous-phase concentration of the pollutant at equilibrium (mg/L)? R=0.08205 L-atm/mole-K.

Consider an aerobic production of acetic acid (P) from ethanol (S) using Acetobacter aceti bacteria. Acetobacter aceti bacteria are added to vigorously-aerate medium containing 16 g/L ethanol. 3 g/L acetic acid is produced after 10 hours . Given the yield coefficient (YS/P) of 1.5, what is the concentration of ethanol after 10 hours ? Report your answer with two decimal places.

Problem 1. Air with 1.6 %mol SO₂ (you can assume very dilute conditions) is scrubbed with solute-free water in a packed column of 1.5 m² cross-sectional area and 3.5 m in height. The total gas flow rate is 0.062 kmol/s, the total liquid flow rate is 2.2 kmol/s, and the outlet air has an SO₂ mol fraction of 0.004. The equilibrium can be described by y*=40x. a) What is the minimum water flow rate required? b) How does the overall number of gas transfer units (NOG) compare to the number of theoretical stages required? c) What is the overall height of a gas transfer unit (HOG).

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QUESTION 3 100 kg/s of solution containing 28 mass% CuSO4 is cooled slowly to 10°C to form crystals of CuSO4*5H2O. The solubility of CuSO4 at 10°C is 9.9 kg/ 100 kg water. It is estimated that 4% of the water entering the crystallizer is lost by evaporation. 3.1. Draw a diagram of the crystallizer showing all streams around it and use the yield method to calculate mass of crystals produced in the crystallizer. Additional information: Cu= 63.5 g/mol, H= 1 g/mol, S= 32 g/mol, O= 16 g/mol

A liquid mixture of methanol and water contains 40 mole % methanol is fed into a flash vaporizationprocess operating at 82 C and 1 atm. The outlet vapour and liquid streams from the flash are inequilibrium and Raoult’s law is applicable for this system. (a) Draw the process and label it completely.(b) Examine the molar composition of the vapor and liquid phase and the ratio of liquid to feed stream. (c) If the temperature is further increased to 85 oC, examine the molar composition of the vapor and liquid phase and the ratio of liquid to feed stream. (d) Find the bubble point temperature of the feed stream at 1 atm.

Question: Consider the sugar–water phase diagram of Figure 10.1.                (a)  How much sugar will dissolve in 1000 g of water at 80°C (176°F)?                (b)  If the saturated liquid solution in part (a) is cooled to 20°C (68°F), some of the sugar will precipitate out as a solid.  What will be the composition of the saturated liquid solution (in wt% sugar) at 20°C?                (c)  How much of the solid sugar will come out of the solution upon cooling to 20°C?   Figure 10.1 is provided below.