Q1 (a) Define the notions of specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test in a clinical context. (b) Explain how these notions differ in analytical context, making sure to highlight any potential relationships between these notions in the clinical and analytical contexts.

Describe the purposes of positive and negative controls; identify in an experiment like a test for HIV, which portions are positive and negative controls and which is (are) the test.

How can the molecular analysis ofan individual tumor be more effectivelyused to design effective therapies tokill it?

What is the purpose and basic rules of ICD-10-CM coding, identifying correct principal and primary diagnoses, the MS-DRG system, and how these connect to the purpose and function of the ICD-10-CM and code sequencing.

Please give only a brief description 1. What is the use of nominal scale in providing the information about covid19? 2. What is the use of ordinal scale in providing the information about covid19? 3.  What is the use of interval scale in providing the information about covid19? 4.  What is the use of ratio scale in providing the information about covid19?

In a cohort study on HRT and breast cancer, the incidence of breast cancer among those who used HRT is 20 per 1,000, and the incidence among those who did not use HRT is 1 per 1,000. The proportion of breast cancer among those who used HRT that is attributable to HRT is ____% a) 85 b) 90 c) 100 d) 95