Q.6: A pharmaceuticals plant sets out pills of a particular medicine with a batch size 20000. Suppose that the probability of any one pill coming out bad is 0.0004: (1) What is the probability that there are between 4 and 8 bad pills in any given batch? (1I) If someone wanted to write a definition for a suitable random variable, what would you be? (III) If someone had asked you to approximate your answer to the one in (1), how would you go about doing it? (IV) Justify, through a convincing argument, that your answer to part (III) is sound and correct.

An ordinary (fair) coin is tossed 3 times. Outcomes are thus triples of "heads" (h) and "tails" (*) which we write hth, ttt, etc. For each outcome, let N be the random variable counting the number of heads in each outcome. For example, if the outcome is ttt, then N (ttt) = 0. Suppose that the random variable X is defined in terms of N as follows: X=2N -2. The values of X are given in the table below. Outcome ttt hth tht htt thh hhh hht tth Value of X -2 2 0 0 2 4 2 0 Calculate the probabilities P(X=*) of the probability distribution of X. First, fill in the first row with the valuesof X. Then fill in the appropriate probabilities in the second row. Value x of X ___ ___ ___ ___ P(x=x) ___ ___ ___ ___

An ordinary (fair) coin is tossed 3 times. Outcomes are thus triples of "heads" (h) and "tails" (t) which we write hth, ttt, etc. For each outcome, let N be the random variable counting the number of tails in each outcome. For example, if the outcome is tth, then N (tth)=2. Suppose that the random variable X is defined in terms of N as follows: X=N²-2N-2. The values of X are given in the table below. Outcome ttt htt hhh tht tth hth hht thh Value of X 1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 Calculate the probabilities P (X=x) of the probability distribution of X. First, fill in the first row with the values of X. Then fill in the appropriate probabilities in the second row. Value X of X P(X=x) 0 0 0 0 0 00 X Ś

Q P.6: On its way, a car meets 4 traffic lights, and the probability that each of them will be red is 0.5. Let X be a discrete random variable equal to the number of traffic lights that were green when the car arrived. X may take the values of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. (Assume traffic lights are independent.) What is the probability distribution of X? The probability distribution of X is 3 4 p(x) 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.0625 The probability of distribution of X is 3 p(x) 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.125 The probability of distribution of X is 3 4 p(x) 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.125 The probability distribution of X is 1 3 4 p(x) | 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.5 | 0.5 || 0.5 The probability of distribution of X is 3 4 p(x) || 0.0625 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5