provided by calculations of a Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient?

An exercise scientist wants to know if there is a relationship between explosive leg power and standing jump height.  To determine if a relationship exists, a group of 30 participants' (N = 30) Leg power was measured  by recording each participants' single squat weight max (in pounds). Next, each participant was asked to perform a standing jump and their Jump height was recorded (in meters). Using the variables “Leg power” and “Jump height”, conduct a Pearson's Correlation, at α = 0.05, to determine if leg power and jump height are correlated.   Identify the correct null hypothesis   A. H0: There is no relationship between leg power and jump height B. H0: There is a relationship between leg power and jump height C. HA: There is a relationship between leg power and jump height D. HA: There is no relationship between leg power and jump height

Are there ever any circumstances when a correlation such as Pearson’s r can be interpreted as evidence for a casual connection between two variables? If yes, what circumstances?

An exercise scientist wants to know if there is a relationship between explosive leg power and standing jump height.  To determine if a relationship exists, a group of 30 participants' (N = 30) Leg power was measured  by recording each participants' single squat weight max (in pounds). Next, each participant was asked to perform a standing jump and their Jump height was recorded (in meters). Using the variables “Leg power” and “Jump height”, conduct a Pearson's Correlation, at α = 0.05, to determine if leg power and jump height are correlated   Interpret r. What type of correlation exists between leg strength and jump height?   A. A negative correlation B. No correlation C. A positive correlation D. We cannot know based on the available information