Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Transcribed Image Text:5. Winter is here! With winter comes the danger of ice on roads. While this isn't a huge problem in Seattle,
it is a very big problem in other cities. To make roads safer for travel many cities use de-icing agents to
reduce the freezing point of water and prevent the accumulation of ice. When choosing a de-icing agent
cities need to weigh the effectiveness of lowering the freezing point of water with the environmental
impacts to water ways and plants. Increasing the concentration of chloride ions can kill the plants near
roads, increase the corrosiveness of a city's water supply, and is toxic to some aquatic life. It can even
hurt dog's paws when used on sidewalks.
Your task is to help Cincinnati, OH decide which de-icer to use in 2021 on its city streets. The city is
trying to decide between using 38% m/v aqueous solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2, and a 25% m/v
aqueous solution of calcium magnesium acetate, CaMg(C2H3O2)4. The cities first priority is keeping the
roads safe to drive on by clearing the ice. But the city residents are also demanding that the city try to
protect plants and waterways by using a salt without chloride ions. Use the information below to decide
which de-icer the city should use in 2021. You answer should be given as a paragraph using claim-
evidence-reasoning (CER), or a similar, format. Be sure to show all work for any calculations
performed.
Cincinnati's Weather
Cincinnati's Average Winter Low Temperature = -4°C
Cincinnati's Lowest Winter Temperatures in the past 10 years:
%3D
5 of the 10 years the lowest temperature was within a range of -22°C and -24°C.
The other 5 years the lowest temperature was within a range of -12°C and -18°C.
2021 is predicted to be a warmer than normal winter for Cincinnati.
Chemical Information
Normal
Compound
Molar Mass
Density
KF
Freezing Point
H20
18.015 g/mole
assume 1.000 g/mL
1.86 °C/m
0.0°C
CaCl2
110.98 g/mole
2.150 g/mL
NA
NA
CaMg(C2H3O2)4
300.56 g/mole
0.641 g/mL
NA
NA
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