Problem- A water contains 110 mg/L carbonate ion and 80 mg/L bicarbonate ion at a pH of 10. Calculate the alkalinity exactly at 25° C. Approximate the alkalinity by ignoring hydroxide and hydrogen ion. What is the percentage error in approximation?

Calculate the alkalinity of a water containing 10−4.5 M total carbonate at pH 11. Express your answer in units of mg/L–CaCO3. State all relevant assumptions.

An analysis of water from a surface source yields the following results: Ions Concentration (mg/l) Ca +2 Mg +2 HCO3 SO²- 60 18 91.5 96 The temporary hardness (as CaCO3) and permanent hardness (as CaCO3) present in the water are

6. Identify the two species within the carbonate system that are the most relevant to the following situations, and identify the associated equilibrium constant: a. Dissolution of an Alka-Seltzer tablet (sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, aspirin) in water to create an effervescent pain-relieving drink. b. The effects of ocean acidification on the health of coral reefs.