Problem 1. This problem is about the semantics and use of semaphores, as described in your textbook. Read the manual page for the POSIX semaphore operations sem_init(), sem_wait(), and sem_post (). a. What should the second argument to sem_init() be if the thread is to be used to synchronize threads in the same process (as opposed to different processes)? b. The library function sem_getvalue() is supposed to return the value of the semaphore vari- able. Explain why this is not a very useful call. (Hint: see the man page.) c. Consider the seconde readers-writers problem, in which writers are prioritized over readers. Suppose there are m > 1 writers and, say, n > 0 readers. Describe a scenario where a reader experiences starvation, and the shared data is never read. Be precise!

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