Pressure and Intensity The Sun has a power of P = 3.85 x 1026 Watts. The Earth is a distance of (on average) 1.49 x 108 km away from the Sun. A solar sail is a distance R = 5.00 x 107 km away from the Sun. What pressure does the light exert on the sail? You can assume that the sail is not being blocked by the Earth in anyway. You can assume the system is completely reflective. Make sure to put your answer in terms of mPa (milliPascal) and include appropriate significant figures.

3. Electromagnetic waves from a radio station pass through an open window of a house. The square window has side length 0.75 m and the waves pass through perpendicular to the window's area. The electric field is measured at the window and found to be 0.02 V/m. In air, we can use the vacuum permeability = 4 x 10-7 H/m. (i) What is the magnitude of the Poynting vector, S, for the radio waves passing through the window? (ii) How much energy do the radio waves carry through the window during a 2-minute-long broadcast of BBC Radio 4's shipping forecast? [Hint: think of the units of S [units = (J/s)/m²] and Energy [units = J].

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3. A beam of light passes through a polarizer and then an analyzer. In this process, the intensity of the light transmitted is reduced to 10% of the intensity of the intensity incident on the analyzer. What is the angle between the axes of the polarizer and the analyzer?a. 18°b. 22°c. 32°d. 68°e. 72°

Experiments show that the ground spider Drassodes cupreus uses one of its several pairs of eyes as a polarization detector In fact, the two eyes in this pair have polarization directions that are at right angles to one another Suppose linearly polarized light with an intensity of 775 W/m² shines from the sky onto the spider and that the intensity transmitted by one of the polarizing eyes is 774 W/m². For this eye, what is the angle between the polarization direction of the eye and the polarization direction of the incident light?

Electromagnetic Plane Waves: In infrared optical systems germanium is often used to form optical components. For infrared wavelengths, germanium can be considered lossless, non-magnetic (u- 1) and has a relative dielectric constant e 16. Consider a plane wave inside a piece of germanium incident at the interface between germanium and air. The plane wave is polarized parallel to the plane of incidence and the angle of incidence is halfway between the Brewster angle and the critical angle for total internal reflection. Germanium: Air: H1 = Ho i E1 = 16e, H2 = Ho i €2 = €o %3. Be A, a) What is the angle of incidence? b) What are the reflection and transmission coefficients for the wave at this angle of incidence?