Pre-Lab Exercises 1. What is the difference between a Lewis structure and a 3-D structure of a molecule ? 2. Would the bond between atoms of oxygen and fluorine be polar? How do you know? If it is, which way is the dipole pointing? Wss aeA l 3. Which has the higher electronegativity? C or O? Br or Cl? Pb or H? O or H? Cor H? 4. Draw in the arrows to show the bond polarity of the following bonds: C--O, Br--Cl, Pb--H, 0-Н, С--Н.

Following is a molecule with polar bonds whose shape was obtained using the VSEPR theory. Specify the molecular shape of this molecule, and whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. (Hint: In terms of polarity, see whether the dipoles in the molecule cancel or not. A molecule containing polar bonds can be nanpolar if the dipoles cancel each other. You can imagine the dipoles as ropes pulling on the central atom–If the pulls cancel each other, that is, the central atom cannot move, then the molecule is nonpolar. If on the other hand the opposite is true, then the molecule is polar.) O trigonal pyramidal shape, nonpolar O trigonal planar shape, nonpolar O tetrahedral shape, polar O trigonal pyramidal shape, polar O trigonal planar shape, polar

Bromine is a liquid that has the formula Br2. It consists of two bromine atoms with a covalent bond between them. Would you expect Br2 to be a polar molecule? Why or why not?

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Peter reads in a book on Organic Chemistry that “if a molecule has resonance, it will be more stable". Will any of the ions have resonant structures? Identify those who have resonance and draw all its resonant structures. Peter also reads that the more resonant structures have a molecule, the more stable it will be. According to your criterion, Which anion will be the most stable?

why are some gases polar molecules? For example, SO2 is a polar molecule and a gas. CHCl3 is a polar molecule but a liquid. How come these two examples are both polar molecules but are in different states of matter?

State and explian which of the following diatomic molecules containing a single bond has the smallest bond length. F2, I2, H2, Br2.

Describe the procedure of Lewis structures for polyatomic ions?

A chemical reaction produces formaldehyde, with a chemical formula of CH2O. Carbon is in Group 4A, oxygen is in Group 6A, and hydrogen is in Group 1A on the periodic table. In one to two sentences, can you describe the bonds in a molecule of formaldehyde in terms of valence electrons?

Predicting and naming the shape of molecules with a central atom.