Post Lab Questions: 1. Determine the formal charge on each of the atoms in SO2 (make sure to label the oxygen atoms when determining formal charge).

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Please help me answer these lab questions Molecular-Models experiment
Post Lab Questions:
1. Determine the formal charge on each of the atoms in SO2 (make sure to label the
oxygen atoms when determining formal charge).
2. Determine the number of pi and sigma bonds in the following molecules:
a.
H
H.
H.
H
b.
3. Why is a molecule defined as polar? Draw the structure of a polar molecule to use in
your explanation.
4. Explain how a molecule can break the octet rule by having an expanded octet. (hint:
where do the extra electrons go?)
5. What type of elements in the periodic table cannot break the octet rule by having an
expanded octet? Why?
6.
What is a resonance structure?
7. Where do pi electrons reside?
57
Transcribed Image Text:Post Lab Questions: 1. Determine the formal charge on each of the atoms in SO2 (make sure to label the oxygen atoms when determining formal charge). 2. Determine the number of pi and sigma bonds in the following molecules: a. H H. H. H b. 3. Why is a molecule defined as polar? Draw the structure of a polar molecule to use in your explanation. 4. Explain how a molecule can break the octet rule by having an expanded octet. (hint: where do the extra electrons go?) 5. What type of elements in the periodic table cannot break the octet rule by having an expanded octet? Why? 6. What is a resonance structure? 7. Where do pi electrons reside? 57
Experiment 11
Molecular Models
Theory:
Understanding the 3-D shape of a molecule is essential in understanding the mechanism of
how molecules interact in a chemical reaction. Molecular model kits are used to create
tangible molecules to aid the students' understanding of Lewis dot structures, molecular
geometries, polarity, and hybridization.
Two Electron Pairs: Electron Pair Geometry - Linear
Molecules of the type AX2, where A represents the central atom and X represents the
terminal atoms, have linear electron pair and molecular geometries. Some examples of linear
molecules are shown below, CO2 and BeF2. Linear molecules have sp hybridization and are
nonpolar if the two terminal atoms are the same and polar if the two terminal atoms are
different. The bonds in the terminal atoms are separated by 180°.
O=C=O
F—Ве—F
Three Electron Pairs: Electron Pair Geometry – Trigonal Planar
Molecules of the type AX3 have trigonal planar electron pair geometries, BF3 shown below.
Trigonal planar molecules have sp2 hybridization and are nonpolar if the three terminal atoms
are the same and polar as long as one terminal atom is a different element: example, BF2CI
shown below. The terminal atoms are separated by 120º.
`F
CI
One Lone Pair
Molecules of the type AX2E (E represents one lone pair) have trigonal planar electron pair
geometries because the one lone pair is occupying a sp2 hybridized orbital just like a bonding
pair of electrons. The molecular geometry is bent because the bonded atoms look like an
angle. The molecule is polar no matter what the terminal atoms are. SO2 is shown in Figure 1
and also exhibits resonance, which is when electrons are delocalized over three or more atoms
in a molecule.
52
Transcribed Image Text:Experiment 11 Molecular Models Theory: Understanding the 3-D shape of a molecule is essential in understanding the mechanism of how molecules interact in a chemical reaction. Molecular model kits are used to create tangible molecules to aid the students' understanding of Lewis dot structures, molecular geometries, polarity, and hybridization. Two Electron Pairs: Electron Pair Geometry - Linear Molecules of the type AX2, where A represents the central atom and X represents the terminal atoms, have linear electron pair and molecular geometries. Some examples of linear molecules are shown below, CO2 and BeF2. Linear molecules have sp hybridization and are nonpolar if the two terminal atoms are the same and polar if the two terminal atoms are different. The bonds in the terminal atoms are separated by 180°. O=C=O F—Ве—F Three Electron Pairs: Electron Pair Geometry – Trigonal Planar Molecules of the type AX3 have trigonal planar electron pair geometries, BF3 shown below. Trigonal planar molecules have sp2 hybridization and are nonpolar if the three terminal atoms are the same and polar as long as one terminal atom is a different element: example, BF2CI shown below. The terminal atoms are separated by 120º. `F CI One Lone Pair Molecules of the type AX2E (E represents one lone pair) have trigonal planar electron pair geometries because the one lone pair is occupying a sp2 hybridized orbital just like a bonding pair of electrons. The molecular geometry is bent because the bonded atoms look like an angle. The molecule is polar no matter what the terminal atoms are. SO2 is shown in Figure 1 and also exhibits resonance, which is when electrons are delocalized over three or more atoms in a molecule. 52
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