Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are chemicals formed by attaching one or more chlorine atoms to a pair of connected benzene rings.   (a) Summarise the adverse health effects associated with exposure to PCBs.         (b) With a suitable illustration, explain the action of PCBs toxicity.

Classify each of the following organic reactions as an oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, or both. You may need to refer back to functional groups from Chapter 4 and sketch out an example reactant and product for some of these. (a) alcohol → aldehyde (b) carboxylic acid → alcohol (c) alkene → alkane (hydrogenation) (d) alkene → alkyne (e) alkene → alcohol (hydration)

Write an equation for each of the following reactions. Use molecular and structural formulas and classify the reaction as combustion, addition, substitution, hydrogenation, or hydration.   (c) Acetylene and oxygen react.    (d) 3-methyl-1-butyne reacts with excess hydrogen.

Write an equation for each of the following reactions. Use molecular and structural formulas and classify the reaction as combustion, addition, substitution, hydrogenation, or hydration.   (e) Chlorine reacts with ethane.  (f) Water and ethane are placed in concentrated sulfuric acid with a catalyst.

Write an equation for each of the following reactions. Use molecular and structural formulas and classify the reaction as combustion, addition, substitution, hydrogenation, or hydration.   (a) Octane burns with oxygen gas   (b) 2-methyl-1-pentene reacts with hydrogen.

Please describe halogenated hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and their toxicity.

What is hexadecanoic acid used for in the pulp and paper industry?

Write an equation for each of the following reactions. Use molecular and structural formulas and classify the reaction as combustion, addition, substitution, hydrogenation, or hydration.   (e) Chlorine reacts with ethane.  (f) Water and ethane are placed in concentrated sulfuric acid with a catalyst.

Which of the following describes a chemical property of methanol?           (A) It is a colorless liquid;                      (B) It is a flammable liquid;           (C) It is a volatile liquid;                                    (D) It has a low boiling point;

What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?