
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780470458365
Author: Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Transcribed Image Text:**Triangular and Unit Triangular Matrices: Properties and Behaviors**
In this section, we will explore properties and behaviors related to triangular and unit triangular matrices, particularly focusing on their products and inverses. Consider the following statements:
**a. The inverse of a triangular matrix is triangular.**
If \( A \) is a triangular matrix, then \( A^{-1} \) (if it exists) will also be a triangular matrix. This property simplifies many computations and solutions in linear algebra, maintaining structural form and reducing complexity.
**b. The product of two triangular matrices is triangular.**
When multiplying two triangular matrices of compatible dimensions, the resulting matrix will also be triangular. For instance, if \( A \) and \( B \) are both upper triangular matrices, their product \( AB \) will still be an upper triangular matrix.
**c. The inverse of a unit upper (lower) triangular matrix is upper (lower) triangular.**
For unit triangular matrices (triangular matrices with all diagonal entries equal to 1):
- The inverse of a unit upper triangular matrix is also an upper triangular matrix.
- The inverse of a unit lower triangular matrix is also a lower triangular matrix.
This maintains the unit triangular structure and can be particularly useful in computational methods such as solving systems of linear equations.
**d. The product of two unit triangular matrices is unit triangular.**
When multiplying two unit triangular matrices:
- The resulting matrix remains unit triangular.
This property ensures that the diagonal entries remain 1, preserving the unit triangular nature through multiplication operations.
**Explanation:**
- **Triangular Matrix**: A matrix is triangular if it is either upper triangular (all elements below the main diagonal are zero) or lower triangular (all elements above the main diagonal are zero).
- **Unit Triangular Matrix**: A triangular matrix where all the entries on the main diagonal are 1.
Understanding these properties aids in simplifying many matrix operations, contributing to more efficient computational algorithms and a deeper grasp of linear algebraic structures.
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