plified model of a bipolar junction transistor is shown in below Figure. Determine the h meters of this circuit. 50 92 M V V₁ = h₁₁I₁ + h₁2 V ₂ 12 = h₂1I1 +h22 V ₂ 950 Ω 0.1u 10 ΚΩ

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are diodes made with III-V compound semiconductor materials such as aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AllnGaP) or indium gallium nitride (InGaN), instead of silicon. The LEDs emit light when the device is operated under forward bias. LEDs of different colors have different turn-on voltages VD(on). For example: Color VD(on) Red ~ 1.6 V Yellow ~ 1.7 V (a) Model these five LEDs with a simplified piecewise linear model. (b) A rule of thumb is that it takes about 1 mA of current to "light" an LED while~ 10 mA is needed for it to appear bright. Use the piecewise linear model for the LEDs, for the over-voltage indicator circuit to the right, find the values of Vin which will cause D₁ or D₂ to light (i.e. when ID1 or ID2 exceeds 1 mA). Green ~ 1.8 V Blue ~ 2.8 V loks o mu Vin Red LED Red LED White ~ 3.8 V + lov 21 D₁ D2 -10V o t Vout 오

Question 1 Find values of the intrinsic carrier concentration ni for silicon at 0°C. O 1.5 x 1010 carriers/cm3 O 1.5 x 109 carriers/cm3 O 1.5 x 109 carriers/cm2 O 5 x 109 carriers/cm3

Output voltage and Source volt = 5v Maximum LED current = 20 mA Apply Ohm's Law to Find R1.