Please EXPLAIN the key difference(s) between Segregation (as described by Mendel) and Independent Assortment.

In a dihybrid cross of two bi-allelic Mendelian genes, A (two alleles – completely dominant A and recessive a), and B (two alleles – completely dominant B and recessive b), such that the parental generation comprises of pure-bred homozygotes (i.e. AABB with aabb), what are the expected genotype and phenotype ratios in the F1 and F2, if the F1 cross is (a) an intercross and if the F1 cross is (b) a testcross

b. What if a breeder were working with 7 different, independently segregating genes, as Mendel did? How many generations would it take him to have pure-breeding varieties, starting from an F1 hybrid that is heterozygous for all 7 genes?    i. What is the probability that an individual in the F2 generation would be pure-breeding (i.e. is homozygous at all 7 loci)? [Hint: this is an “and” calculation since it must be homozygous at each of the 7 loci.    ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would be pure-breeding?   iii. What is the probability that an individual in the F10 generation would be pure-breeding?

Please calculate the Chi-square value

Can you please describe each of them separately and as much as you can in details

question is attached

Please asap

This problem examines possible biochemical explanations for variations of Mendel’s 9:3:3:1 ratio. Exceptwhere indicated, compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 have different colors, as do mixtures of these compounds. Aand B are enzymes that catalyze the indicated steps ofthe pathway. Alleles A and B specify functional enzymes A and B, respectively; these are completelydominant to alleles a and b, which do not specify anyof the corresponding enzyme. If functional enzyme ispresent, assume that the compound to the left of thearrow is converted completely to the compound to theright of the arrow. For each pathway, what phenotypicratios would you expect among the progeny of a dihybrid cross of the form Aa Bb × Aa Bb?a. Independent pathwaysCompound 4Compound 2Compound 3Compound 1Enz AEnz Bb. Redundant pathwaysCompound 1 Compound 2Enz BEnz Ac. Sequential pathwayCompound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3Enz A Enz Bd. Enzymes A and B both needed to catalyze the reaction indicated.Compound 1 Compound 2

As attached, is a pedigree related question. I have a question, is it correct that individual I 1 's phenotype is Ff (heterozygous)  whereas individual I 2 is ff (recessive homozygous)? That would mean that the ratio of Widow's Peak: Straight hair(no widow's peak) would be 1:1 ? So the chances of getting a Widow's Peak is 50% ? Is this correct? Am I doing it right.

Mendel is growing flowers. Pure red flowers have a pair of R genes. Pure whiteflowers have a pair of w genes. Red is dominant to white.(a) Write the Punnett square with a pure red parent cross-fertilized with a pure white parent.(b) Write a second Punnett square of the offspring of the preceeding question cross-fertilizedwith a pure white flower.(c) What is the probability that a flower from the second fertilization is pure white? (Writethe probability as a fraction in reduced form.)