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- Identify 1 effect of the hormone Inhibin in pregnancy. Select one: O a. This inhibits the secretion of follicle stimulating hormaone by the anterior pituitary gland - preventing ovulation O b. It is know to mediate the haemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy such as; increased cardiac output, increased renal flow, increased arterial compliance 0 с. This influences the transamniotic waste transfer from the mother to the fetus sideWhat is the expected effect on reproduction on an individual with hormone levels shown above? Identify two physiological changes that will not occur due to the atypical hormone levels shown above. The graph above shows the estrogen and progesterone levels of an individual during a menstrual cycle of 28 days. The top light blue line indicates the progesterone levels and the bottom purple line indicates the estrogen levels. This individual is in luteal phase.This individual can be expected to have low levels of FSH and LH.Scientists have noticed a disturbing trend in the freshwater ecosystems in North America: a large number of male fish are found to contain female egg cells growing inside their testes. The feminization of male fish is called intersex, and its exact cause is still baffling many scientists. Many studies have shown that intersex can be induced when male fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor stimulates or inhibits the endocrine system, causing either an increase or decrease in hormone production. However, it is easier to demonstrate the direct cause and effect in a laboratory environment where the fish are only exposed to a single endocrine disruptor. In nature, there are many other variables such as low oxygen levels or warmer water temperatures that could also cause feminization in fish. What can we, as a society or as individuals, do to protect our ecosystems and watersheds from endocrine disruptors?
- Scientists have noticed a disturbing trend in the freshwater ecosystems in North America: a large number of male fish are found to contain female egg cells growing inside their testes. The feminization of male fish is called intersex, and its exact cause is still baffling many scientists. Many studies have shown that intersex can be induced when male fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor stimulates or inhibits the endocrine system, causing either an increase or decrease in hormone production. However, it is easier to demonstrate the direct cause and effect in a laboratory environment where the fish are only exposed to a single endocrine disruptor. In nature, there are many other variables such as low oxygen levels or warmer water temperatures that could also cause feminization in fish. Identify two reasons why we should be concerned about the feminization of fish.Scientists have noticed a disturbing trend in the freshwater ecosystems in North America: a large number of male fish are found to contain female egg cells growing inside their testes. The feminization of male fish is called intersex, and its exact cause is still baffling many scientists. Many studies have shown that intersex can be induced when male fish are exposed to endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor stimulates or inhibits the endocrine system, causing either an increase or decrease in hormone production. However, it is easier to demonstrate the direct cause and effect in a laboratory environment where the fish are only exposed to a single endocrine disruptor. In nature, there are many other variables such as low oxygen levels or warmer water temperatures that could also cause feminization in fish. Name two endocrine disruptors, identify their source and explain how they can get into freshwater bodies? An example has been given. Endocrine Disruptor: DDT…Match the description with the statement that best describes the following regions This region of the brain secretes hormones that target the gonads and help regulate А. + hypothalamus the menstrual cycle in females among other roles the anterior pituitary gland Specialized neurons in this region secrete hormones in response to neuroendocrine В. reflexes the posterior pituitary gland Injury to this region would most likely result in loss of temperature control and sex С. drive
- How are the functions of FSH and LH similar in male and female mammals? How do they differ?Figure 43.15 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.Match these examples to the correct type of signaling Estradiol released into the blood stream, acts on the pituitary cells Oxytocin produced in hypothalamic neurons, released from axons into the blood stream in the posterior hypothalamus Epithelial cells in arterioles release nitric oxide that causes relaxation of the adjacent smooth muscle cells Insulin released from the pancreas into the blood, acting on liver cells to simulate glucose uptake Release of cytokines by a macrophage, with cytokines acting on that macrophage to stimulate its immune function A. Neuroendocrine signaling B. Autocrine C. Paracrine signaling D. Endocrine signaling
