Plasma membranes in the cells of cold-blooded animals usually have a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than homeothermic animals, why?.

Q1. Many of the components for lipid synthesis need to be "activated", which happens by a variety of mechanisms. For each of the following activation processes, state WHAT is added and WHAT ENZYME catalyzes the reaction. Acetyl-CoA activation for fatty acid synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Glycerol activation for Phosphatidic Acid (PA) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Fatty acid activation for Diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: DAG activation for Phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis: WHAT is added: ENZYME: Choline activation for Phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis WHAT is added: ENZYME:

Q2. It has been estimated that two high-energy phosphate bonds must be expended to incorporate one glucose molecule into glycogen. Why is glucose stored in muscle and liver in the form of glycogen, and not as individual glucose molecules? In other words, why is it advantageous for a cell to expend metabolic energy to polymerize glucose molecules?

Part A: Explain solubility of vitamins Food additive E307 (alpha-tocopherol, vit. E), and ascorbic acid (vit. C) are essential nutrients in human diet due to their antioxidant properties. They have very different solubilities. In contrast to vit. A, vit. E is insoluble in water. It is recommended that foods rich in vitamin E be taken with fatty ingredients (think salad dressing etc). • Draw the structures of both vitamins and explain their different solubilities in water. • Draw the picture illustrating solvation of vit. C in water and describe intermolecular interactions that facilitate this process. What type of intermolecular interactions help vitamin E be soluble in oils (fatty acids such as linoleic acid)? Part B: Explain observed boiling point The two molecules shown in Fig. 1 are constitutional isomers but have drastically different boiling point. Using a drawing and no more than 5 sentences explain how why compound B (butyramide) has higher boiling point. A O во NH2 153 °C 216…