% Cells Cause Tumors Retrovirus Transformation Assay 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 -Virus A -Virus B 20 Days Post Infection 30 40

Q: A Virus viral antigen List the Virus different cell D Activates | types (A to E) Activates Activates…

A: Immunity can be classified into innate immunity and acquired immunity. The inborn first-line defense…

Q: Describe the structure of the coronavirus and the process it uses to infect living cells and how the…

A: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a condition caused by a coronavirus and the majority of patients with…

Q: In what environment can viruses replicate themselves? O Inside the cells of living organisms O…

A: According to the question, we have to mention what type of environment viruses can replicate…

Q: Stationary phase is part of viral growth curve. Select one: O True O False

A: Growth curve is the graphical representation of the growth of a microorganism with respect to the…

Q: What are the five levels of the General Developmental model and give examples of each level and how…

A: ANSWER    Bruce Tuckman presented a model of five stages for group development:…

Q: Which of the following traits are complete dominance, incomplete dominance, X-linked, or sex-linked?…

A: If a dominant character is expressed in heterozygous condition then that shows complete dominance.…

Q: Do we need vaccines or not? Can you please fully explaine that yes or not and why giving biological…

A: Importance of vaccines

Q: Viral DNA synthesis cannot take place in a resting cell. How is this problem solved? Which one is…

A: The question is asking about the mechanism by which viruses are able to replicate their DNA within a…

Q: What's not a side effect of gene therapy using viral vectors based on these options? - cancer -…

A: Gene therapy is a part of biotechnology in which the faulty gene is removed or repaired by using a…

Q: Visible effects of viruses on cells can be used to identify some virus types. These are calle Lytic…

A: Viruses are parasites that require a host to survive.

Q: What is happening at the point marked I in the diagram?

A: Virion attaches itself to the host cell. The presence or absence of specific receptors on the cell…

Q: 5. What is the size of coronavirus (any black arrow)? Scale bar = 100nm 7cm 70AM sonm 1cm

A: Introduction A microscope is an instrument by which we can observe very small object which we can…

Q: II. DISEASE PROFILE A NAME OF DISEASE B SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE C INCUBATION PERIOD D MODE OF…

A: Answer :- Microorganism: Influenza virus :- * Name of disease :- Human influenza viruses cause…

Q: Which live attenuated virus vaccine below contains infectious RNA viruses which may "revert" to…

A: Vaccines are made using several different processes. They may contain live viruses that have been…

Q: Which of the following viruses have been used as vectors for gene delivery?

A: Gene delivery is a process of introducing the foreign genetic materials which are DNA and RNA into…

Q: While a prophage genome is integrated into the host cell chromosome, it is O temperate. latent and…

A: Viruses are small infectious agents that only multiply inside live cells.

Q: Viruses can avoid the human immune system by Intracellular reproduction Remaining inactive in a host…

A: Viruses avoid the human immune system basically by increasing the intracellular reproduction.…

Q: 5. Do we need Covid-19 vaccines or not? If yes then explain fully using biological reasons and…

A: We know that Covid-19 is a coronavirus disease. It affects many people in many different ways. Most…

Q: Which of the following is an example of viral species? a. Flavivirus O b. None of the choices human…

A: Introduction :    Viral species : " a monophyletic group of viruses whose properties can be…

Q: TU Viruses recombined to produce an HSN1 strain Which procms occan Antigenic shit O Antigenic dn O…

A: influenza A virus subtype H1N1 is a subtype of Influenza A virus. H5N2 influenza virus is a…

Q: All viruses have which components in their infectious particles? O Nucleic acids, protein coats, and…

A: Virus are tiny microscopic organisms . They are considered as obligate parasites which shows life…

Q: 11) The difference between SARS-Cov2 replication and FMDV replication? The antigenomic copy in…

A: Sars coronavirus disease 19 is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2 and was discovered in…

Q: HIV mutates very, very slowly.  It will be easy to find a vaccine to help prevent it. Group of…

A: HIV mutates very ,very slowly and it will be easy to find a vaccine to help prevent it ,is FALSE.…

Q: Why is earlier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus

A: Mutations are the changes in the DNA sequence of an organism which may or may not affect the…

Q: The image of the virus as shown below is part of the family of O FILOVIRIDAE O HEPADNAVIRIDAE…

A: Some viruses are covered with envelope proteins. This envelope serves as the protective cover of the…

Q: Preventing Disease - weakened or killed pathogens used to, an 1. response (usually a shot) 2.…

A: Hello. Since you have posted multiple questions and not specified which question needs to be solved,…

Q: You seed a 10cm tissue culture plate with a 4x10^6 HeLa cells. HeLa fells have a doubling time of…

A: Answer - 1ml

Q: Select the likely mechanism of action for this viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A: Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), and ribonucleic…

Q: Match the correct letter the the process identified in the image below. A B Spike Protein [ Choose ]…

A: SARS-CoV-2 or coronavirus was first identified in 2019 by Chinese authorities in Wuhan, China.…

Q: A viral protein binding to the cellular receptor induces which of the following: O a.A…

A: A viral protein binding to cellular receptor induces which of the following:

Q: Viral DNA synthesis cannot take place in a resting cell. How is this problem solved? Group of answer…

A: DNA synthesis is the process by which a cell duplicates its DNA to produce two identical copies of…

Q: Tobacco Moscic virus le common name? 2. Shape? TDNA OR RNA ? 3.Name Of disease? 4 Marpholagy of the…

A: Viruses are microscopic, acellular organisms that form an intermediate group between living and non…

Q: Viral vaccines O a. None O b. Only attenuated viruses can be used O c. Not safe O d. Not available

A: The immune system of the body fight against various serious diseases. The diseases are caused by…

Q: For each of the samples below, calculate the mean, variance, standard deviation, and standard error…

A: Answer :  For females :

Q: omparing influenza viruses and COVID-19 pandemic coronavirus, both these viruses can incre enetic…

A: Genetic diversity can be increased through mutation, sexual recombination, random mating and random…

Q: Early in the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, despite countless news reports and official…

A: Answer  Option e) no more dangerous than a seasonal flu.

Q: Which TWO statements regarding viral infection are TRUE? O Viral particles may be shed during the…

A: Viral infection Proliferation of a harmful virus within the body. Viruses cannot reproduce without…

Q: There are no known viruses capable of transforming normal cells to cancer cells in humans.   true…

A: Microorganisms are those small organisms that are invisible to the naked eye and can be seen only…

Q: 21. one of the most target cytokine in the developmentanticancer drug therapy is IL 2 FGF TNF VEGF

A: Cytokines are dissolvable proteins that intervene cell-to-cell correspondence. In light of the…

Q: a. What specific host defenses do immunodeficient, cancer, andAIDS patients lack that make them so…

A: The body is protected against various pathogenic or infectious particles called microbes through an…

Q: Why is selective toxicity almost impossible for viruses? Viruses are so small compared to bacteria…

A: Selective toxicity :- Selective toxicity of antimicrobial agent refers that, particular…

Q: Label this generalized diagram of viral replication. Viral nucleic acid Production of viral proteins…

A: Introduction  Viral replication is the creation of biological viruses in the target host cells…

Q: The following diagram shows the life cycle of the lytic virus, the symbol that indicates the stage…

A: Viruses have two types of life cycle lytic and lysogenic. In lysogenic type of lifecycle it insert…

Q: 3. Complete the table Membranes (name all) Interacts with receptors by Penetrates inside the cell by…

A: We all know that viruses are obligate parasites i.e. it cannot survive without host body.Viruses can…

Q: Vaccines: Which vaccine below would you not give to a liver transplant recipeint? O attenuatued live…

A: Recipients of solid organ transplantation like liver transplantation are at risk of severe infection…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.