Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis. The reasons are not well understood due to the difficulty in qualitatively assessing bone metabolism and mineral content. A researcher measures human calcitonin (HCT) levels in men with rheumatoid arthritis. The researcher randomly selects 43 men with rheumatoid arthritis and measured the mean HCT level of 33.8 pg/mL. Assume that HCT for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis follows a normal distribution with standard deviation σ = 23.6 pg/mL. 4. Explain in detail what the 95% Confidence Interval for the mean HCT represents within this context.

Is Fast Food Messing With Your Hormones?Examine the results of a study1 investigating whether fast food consumption increases one’s concentration of phthalates, an ingredient in plastics which has been linked to multiple health problems including hormone disruption. The study included 8877 people who recorded all the food they ate over a 24-hour period and then provided a urine sample. Two specific phthalate byproducts were measured (in ng/mL) in the urine: DEHP and DiNP. Find a 95%95% confidence interval for the difference, μF−μNμF-μN, in mean concentration between people who have eaten fast food in the last 24 hours and those who haven’t. The mean concentration of DEHP in the 3095 participants who had eaten fast food was x⎯⎯F=83.6x¯F=83.6 with sF=194.7sF=194.7 while the mean for the 5782 participants who had not eaten fast food was x⎯⎯N=59.1x¯N=59.1 with sN=152.1sN=152.1.Round your answers to one decimal place._______________ to _________________1Zota, A.R., Phillips, C.A., Mitro,…

In a certain article, laser therapy was discussed as a useful alternative to drugs in pain management of chronically ill patients. To measure pain threshold, a machine was used that delivered low-voltage direct current to different parts of the body (wrist, neck, and back). The machine measured current in milliamperes (mA). The pretreatment experimental group in the study had an average threshold of pain (pain was first detectable) at μ = 3.11 mA with standard deviation σ = 1.16 mA. Assume that the distribution of threshold pain, measured in milliamperes, is symmetric and more or less mound-shaped. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (a) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 68% of the experimental group will have a threshold of pain from __________ mA to ___________ mA (b) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 95% of the experimental group will have a…

A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.3 9.1 9.7 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.7 10.6 11.8 10.1 9.8 12.3 10.6 8.8 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.9 11.3 10.4 9.2 11.6 10.7 10.9 10.8 8.2   After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.4 104 8.8 96.4 8.8 89 10.1 88 9.7 103.8 8.7 147.3 10.3 97.1 12.3 172.6 9.4 146.3 9.5 99 8.3 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93   (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…

To illustrate the effects of driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol, a police officer brought a DUI simulator to a local high school. Student reaction time in an emergency was measured with unimpaired vision and also while wearing a pair of special goggles to simulate the effects of alcohol on vision. For a random sample of nine teenagers, the time (in seconds) required to bring the vehicle to a stop from a speed of 60 miles per hour was recorded. Complete parts (a) and (b). Note: A normal probability plot and boxplot of the data indicate that the differences are approximately normally distributed with no outliers. Click the icon to view the data table. (a) Whether the student had unimpaired vision or wore goggles first was randomly selected. Why is this a good idea in designing the experiment? A. This is a good idea in designing the experiment because reaction times are different. B. This is a good idea in designing the experiment because it controls for any "learning" that may…

The test scores of 40 students are listed below. Find P85.   30 35 43 44 47 48 54 55 56 57 59 62 63 65 66 68 69 69 71 72   72 73 74 76 77 77 78 79 80 81   81 82 83 85 89 92 93 94 97 98

Heat flow is the passage of thermal energy from a hot to a cold body. This phenomenon is of particular interest to engineers, who attempt to understand and control the flow of heat through the use of thermal insulation and other devices. The data below were taken from heat flow gauge readings for an industrial process over 10 equally spaced time intervals. A concern is that the process may be cooling down as time progresses. One way to check this statistically is to compare the measurements for the first 5 time periods to the measurements for the last 5 time periods. You may assume that heat flow is approximately normal for each group. Time period 1 (Group 1): 9.273, 9.262, 9.243, 9.283, 9.270Time period 2 (Group 2): 9.240, 9.292, 9.284, 9.279, 9.258 Unless otherwise stated, give your answers to three decimal places. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean heat flow. Give your answers to three decimal places. Use t∗=2.352t∗=2.352.(  ,  )   Conduct a hypothesis…

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis. The reasons are not well understood due to the difficulty in qualitatively assessing bone metabolism and mineral content. A researcher measures human calcitonin (HCT) levels in men with rheumatoid arthritis. The researcher randomly selects 43 men with rheumatoid arthritis and measured the mean HCT level of 33.8 pg/mL. Assume that HCT for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis follows a normal distribution with standard deviation σ = 23.6 pg/mL. 5. What is the effect on the interval width if we decreased or increase the confidence level to 90% or 99% respectively? (Hint, create the intervals)

In a certain article, laser therapy was discussed as a useful alternative to drugs in pain management of chronically ill patients. To measure pain threshold, a machine was used that delivered low-voltage direct current to different parts of the body (wrist, neck, and back). The machine measured current in milliamperes (mA). The pretreatment experimental group in the study had an average threshold of pain (pain was first detectable) at μ = 3.01 mA with standard deviation = 1.03 mA. Assume that the distribution of threshold pain, measured in milliamperes, is symmetric and more or less mound-shaped. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (a) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 68% of the experimental group will have a threshold of pain from mA to mA (b) Use the empirical rule to estimate a range of milliamperes centered about the mean in which about 95% of the experimental group will have a threshold of pain from mA to mA

I am interested in knowing how best to treat depression; I want to measure the impact of different treatments on depressive symptoms. I assign 30 individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder into 3 separate groups: 1) no treatment 2) 10mg of a common antidepressant, and 3) an exercise regimen. The DV is the number of depressive symptoms one week after treatment. Using the following data, run a between-subjects ANOVA at alpha = 0.05 to determine whether type of drug has an effect on symptoms.  Control/No Treatment 10mg Antidepressant Exercise 6 3 0 10 4 2 5 2 2 10 4 3 7 5 1 9 5 1 7 4 3 9 3 0 9 5 2 6 2 1   What is the null hypothesis? ________________________ What is the alternative hypothesis? __________________ What is the critical F value? _________________