Pathophysiology Ron Strauss has smoked for many years and has developed chronic bronchitis. He also has a history of pulmonary hypertension and secondary polycythemia vera. His arterial blood gas (ABG) reveals respiratory acidosis with a PaO2, at 50 mm Hg and a PaCO2, at 60 mm Hg; At this clinic visit, it is noted on his chest x-ray, RS has an enlarged heart and diaphragm flattening. Why has RS developed secondary polycythemia vera?

A patient shows a WBC count of 9,000 cells/microliter, a thrombocyte count of 200,000 cells/microliter, and hematocrit of 44 %. What is a possible diagnosis? O leukopenia O leukocytosis O thrombocytopenia O pernicious anemia none of the above

Please help me match up the erythrocyte disorders

Cardiovascular Case Histories A 32-year-old nurse who had rheumatic fever as a child noticed a persistent tachycardia and light-headedness. Upon examination, chest x-rays showed an enlarged left atrium and left ventricle. ECG analysis showed atrial fibrillation. There was also mild pulmonary edema. Cardiac evaluation resulted in the following information: Cardiac output (CO) 3.4 L/min Blood pressure (BP) 100/58 mm Hg Left atrial pressure (LAP) 16 mm Hg (normal 8-10) Right ventricular pressure (RVP) 44/8 mm Hg (normal 25/4) Heart Rate (HR) = 120 bpm          Heart sounds revealed valvular regurgitation.   Based on the information provided, which A-V valve is incompetent, allowing the regurgitation? How did you determine this?   If the other A-V valve were incompetent instead of this one, would the CO (L ventricle), and BP be different? If so, how? Would you expect the LAP to be normal?       Pulmonary hypertension can develop with L sided heart…

A 60-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of shortness of breath and cough and a 2- week history of progressive swelling of her face. The cough is productive of approximately /4 cup of mildly blood-tinged, white-to-yellow sputum daily. She has had a 2.3-kg (5-Ib) weight loss over the past 4 months. She has a 15-year history of hypertension treated with enalaprl. She has smoked 1 pack of clgarettes daily for 45 years. Her pulse is 90/min and regular, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 135/90 mm Hg. Physical examination shows edema of the face and neck and jugular venous distention. Breath sounds are mildly decreased throughout all lung fields, and there are no cardiac murmurs. Her serum sodium concentration is 125 mEq/L. Which of the following is the most likely direct cause of this patient's facial edema? A) Angioedema from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors B) Impaired cardiac filling from cardiac tamponade C) Increased vascular…

Ms Nahed is 66year old woman with a history of MI,HTN hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus presents with sudden onset of chest pain radiating to her left arm. Electrocardiography showed ST segment depression and positive cardiac enzymes. Home medications are aspirin, simvastatin, metoprolol, and metformin. Which regimen is the best treatment strategy for this patient? A Abciximab bolus then infusion for 12hours plus enoxaparin 80mg subcutaneously. B Aspirin and clopidogrel plus UFH bolus; then 15units/kg/hour infusion. C Aspirin and clopidogrel +UFH bolus then infusion titrated to maintain 50-70seconds a PTT plus eptifibatide with an early invasive approach. D Aspirin and enoxaparin subcutaneously twice daily with an early invasive approach.

A 50-year-old man was rushed in the Emergency Room with a history of expelling black covered stools for two day, and recurrent nosebleeds. His complete patient history reveals both a recent as well as historyof ethanol abuse. His coagulations studies reveal: PLATELET COUNT: PT: APTT: THROMBIN TIME: FIBRINOGEN: FDP: 60X10^9/L 20 sec 52 sec 11 sec 201mg% >40mg/ml 1. What is the most probable diagnosis? 2. What could be the cause of the Hemostasis Test results? Explain the answer. 3. Given the test results, what symptoms would be expected to manifest in the patient? 4. If a mixing study would be performed, what would be the expected result? 5. Are there any other test that may be done to confirm if other hemostatic disorder are present?

A 58-years man with acute chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, and fear of death just brought to the Emergency Department. You, as a nurse, are responsible for his care. In ECG, there is ST elevation in Anterior leads and PVCs.  Answer the following questions… 7.a- what is the medical diagnosis of the patient?     7.b- what is the best drug for controlling chest pain of the patient?     7.c- while transferring to the hospital by Ambulance, which drug may improve his prognosis noticeably?   7.d- After controlling of acute chest pain, which drug (s) may help to relieve chest pain in the long run?

A 65-year-old male patient, Mr. Thompson, has been admitted to the medical-surgical floor with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF). He has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Upon admission, Mr. Thompson reports shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in his legs and feet. His vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 160/90 mmHg, pulse 102 bpm, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation 92% on room air.As his nurse, you are responsible for performing a comprehensive assessment and initiating appropriate interventions based on your findings.Describe the initial nursing assessment you would perform for Mr. Thompson, detailing the specific aspects you would focus on given his diagnosis and symptoms.

You are working a shift from 0700 to 1500, and Mr. Persaud is under your care. He is undergoing nasogastric aspiration with the following orders.       Primary IV: D5NS @.95.mL/hr.       Replace nasogastric drainage with RL over 3 hours at the beginning of each 8-hour shift via IV piggy-back.   Shift report: D5NS:              825 mL RL:                   425 mL N/G drainage:   185 mL   Show all calculations.   a) What volume of D5NS is required over the course of your shift?             b) At what time will you begin infusing primary IV fluid?          c) At what rate will you administer D5NS?              d) At what rate will you administer RL?              e) How much primary IV fluid will remain in the IV bag at 1400?