Part A Which of these structures, if present in a prokaryote, would prevent the organism from using this type of actin polymerization to chemotax toward a signal?
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions.
Part A
Which of these structures, if present in a prokaryote, would prevent the organism from using this type of actin
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A.
cell wall
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B.
flagellum
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C.
mitochondrion
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D.
ribosome
Part B
In the model proposed, which of these events MOST likely occurs to facilitate
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A.
Integrins anchor the cell to extracellular components.
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B.
Motor proteins move actin toward the leading edge.
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C.
Mitochondria migrate away from the leading edge.
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D.
Desmosomes anchor the cell to other cells.
Part C
Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed?
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A.
The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A.
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B.
The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A.
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C.
The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.
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D.
The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.
Part D
The researcher hypothesizes that Compound A passively diffuses through the cell membrane to bind actin subunits. Which of these observations, if true, would MOST support his hypothesis?
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A.
Increasing extracellular sodium concentration interferes with Compound A function.
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B.
Adding actin to the extracellular medium interferes with Compound A function.
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C.
Reducing the temperature of the cell interferes with Compound A function.
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D.
Blocking ATP hydrolysis interferes with actin function.
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