Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Over the Christmas break, you are making some extra money for buying presents by working in a factory, helping to move crates around. At one particular time, you find that all the handtrucks, dollies, and carts are in use, so you must move a crate across the room a straight-line distance of 35.0 m without the assistance of these devices. You notice that the crate has a rope attached to the middle of one of its vertical faces. You decide to move the crate by pulling on the rope. The crate has a mass of 130 kg, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the concrete floor is 0.350. (a) Determine the angle relative to the horizontal at which you should pull upward on the rope so that you can move the crate over the desired distance with the force of the smallest magnitude. (b) At this angle of pulling on the rope, how much work do you do in dragging the crate over the desired distanced?arrow_forwardYou operate a restaurant that has many large, circular tables. At the center of each table is a Lazy Susan that can turn to deliver salt, pepper, jam, hot sauce, bread, and other items to diners on the other side of the table. A fancy flower arrangement is located at the center of each Lazy Susan, and the turning of the flower arrangement is beautiful to you. Because of your interest in model trains, you decide to replace each Lazy Susan with a circular track on the table around which a model train will run. You can load the various condiments in the cars of the train and press a button to operate the train, causing the train to begin moving around the circle and deliver the load to your fellow diners! The train is of mass 1.96 kg and moves at a speed of 0.18 m/s relative to the track. After a few days, you realize that you miss the beautiful turning flower arrangements. So you come up with a new scheme. You return the Lazy Susan to the table and mount the circular track on the platform of the Lazy Susan, which has a friction-free axle at its center. The radius of the circular track is 40.0 cm (measured halfway between the rails) and the platform of the Lazy Susan is a uniform disk of mass 3.00 kg and radius 48.0 cm. You finally equip all of your tables with the new apparatus and open your restaurant. As a demonstration to the diners, you mount one salt shaker and one pepper shaker, having a mass of 0.100 kg each, onto a flatcar and push the button to deliver the condiments to the other side of the table! How long does it take to deliver the condiments to the exact opposite side of the table? Ignore the moment of inertia of the flower arrangement, since its mass is all close to the rotation axis.arrow_forwardLet the four compass directions north, east, south, and west be represented by unit vectors ne . . and respectively. Vertically up and down are represented as u and d. Let us also identify unit vectors that are halfway between these directions such as for northeast. Rank the magnitudes of the following cross products from largest to smallest. If any are equal in magnitude or are equal to zero, show that in your ranking, (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)arrow_forward
- Let us name three perpendicular directions as right, up, and toward you as you might name them when you are facing a television screen that lies in a vertical plane. Unit vectors for these directions are r. u. and L respectively. Consider the quantity (-3 2t ). (i) Is the magnitude of this vector (a) 6, (b) 3, (c) 2, or (d) 0? (ii) Is the direction of this vector (a) down, (b) toward you, (c) up, (d) away from you, or (e) left?arrow_forwardReview. Assume a certain liquid, with density 1 230 kg/m3, exerts no friction force on spherical objects. A ball of mass 2.10 kg and radius 9.00 cm is dropped from rest into a deep tank of this liquid from a height of 3.30 m above the surface. (a) Find the speed at which the hall enters the liquid. (b) Evaluate the magnitudes of the two forces that are exerted on the ball as it moves through the liquid. (c) Explain why the ball moves down only a limited distance into the liquid and calculate this distance. (d) With what speed will the ball pop up out of the liquid? (c) How does the time interval tdown, during which the ball moves from the surface down to its lowest point, compare with the lime interval tup for the return trip between the same two points? (f) What If? Now modify the model to suppose the liquid exerts a small friction force on the ball, opposite in direction to its motion. In this case, how do the time intervals tdown and tup compare? Explain your answer with a conceptual argument rather than a numerical calculation.arrow_forwardYou are spending the summer as an assistant learning how to navigate on a large ship carrying freight across Lake Erie. One day, you and your ship are to travel across the lake a distance of 200 km traveling due north from your origin port to your destination port. Just as you leave your origin port, the navigation electronics go down. The captain continues sailing, claiming he can depend on his years of experience on the water as a guide. The engineers work on the navigation system while the ship continues to sail, and winds and waves push it off course. Eventually, enough of the navigation system comes back up to tell you your location. The system tells you that your current position is 50.0 km north of the origin port and 25.0 km east of the port. The captain is a little embarrassed that his ship is so far off course and barks an order to you to tell him immediately what heading he should set from your current position to the destination port. Give him an appropriate heading angle.arrow_forward
- A young boy throws a baseball through a window. a. Sketch the problem and pick a reference point. b. Use this reference point to draw a vector representing the initial and final position of the ball. c. Draw the displacement vector. d. Which of these vectors change if you pick a different reference point?arrow_forwardIt is not possible to see very small objects, such as viruses, using an ordinary light microscope. An electron microscope, however, can view such objects using an electron beam instead of a light beam. Electron microscopy has proved invaluable for investigations of viruses, cell membranes and subcellular structures, bacterial surfaces, visual receptors, chloroplasts, and the contractile properties of muscles. The lenses of an electron microscope consist of electric and magnetic fields that control the electron beam. As an example of the manipulation of an electron beam, consider an electron traveling away from the origin along the x axis in the xy plane with initial velocity vi=vii. As it passes through the region x = 0 to x = d, the electron experiences acceleration a(t)=axi+ayj, where ax and ay are constants. For the case vi = 1.80 107 m/s, ax = 8.00 1014 m/s2, and ay = 1.60 1015 m/s2 determine at x = d = 0.010 0 m (a) the position of the electron, (b) the velocity of the electron, (c) the speed of the electron, and (d) the direction of travel of the electron (i.e., the angle between its velocity and the x axis).arrow_forwardA clown is juggling four balls simultaneously. Students use a video tape to determine that it takes the clown 0.9 s to cycle each ball through his hands (including catching, transferring, and throwing) and to be ready to catch the next ball. What is the minimum vertical speed the clown must throw up each ball?arrow_forward
- Two vectors A and B have precisely equal magnitudes. For the magnitude of A+B to be larger than the magnitude of AB by the factor n, what must be the angle between them?arrow_forwardIf AB=AB, what is the angle between A and B?arrow_forwardReview. As it passes over Grand Bahama Island, the eye of a hurricane is moving in a direction 60.0 north of west with a speed of 41.0 km/h. (a) What is the unit-vector expression for the velocity of the hurricane? It maintains this velocity for 3.00 h. at which time the course of the hurricane suddenly shifts due north, and its speed slows to a constant 25.0 km/h. This new velocity is maintained for 1.50 h. (b) What is the unit-vector expression for the new velocity of the hurricane? (c) What is the unit-vector expression for the displacement of the hurricane during the first 3.00 h? (d) What is the unit-vector expression for the displacement of the hurricane during the latter 1.50 h? (e) How far from Grand Bahama is the eye 4.50 h after it passes over the island?arrow_forward
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