Answered: Part 2 Refer to Problem 12.6, what…

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Please answer part 2 and refer to 12.6 for it. figure is attached

$The diagram illustrates a layered soil profile, showing three distinct layers composed of sand and clay. - **Layer 1 (Top Layer)**: This is a sand layer represented with a light orange color. It is subjected to an applied stress denoted by $ \Delta \sigma $ with arrows indicating downward force. The thickness of this layer is labeled as $ H_1 $. - **Groundwater Table**: This horizontal dashed line indicates the level of the groundwater table within the top sand layer. - **Layer 2 (Middle Layer)**: This layer consists of clay, represented with a combination of brown and blue colors. Its thickness is labeled as $ H_2 $. The void ratio of this clay layer is marked as $ e $. - **Layer 3 (Bottom Layer)**: Similar to the top layer, this bottom layer is made up of sand and is depicted using the same light orange color. Its thickness is labeled as $ H_3 $. The legend identifies the color coding used to differentiate between sand (light orange) and clay (brown with blue specks). This figure (Figure 12.42) provides a visual representation of soil stratification used in geotechnical studies to understand layering and material properties influencing soil behavior under stress.$

Transcribed Image Text:The diagram illustrates a layered soil profile, showing three distinct layers composed of sand and clay. - **Layer 1 (Top Layer)**: This is a sand layer represented with a light orange color. It is subjected to an applied stress denoted by $ \Delta \sigma $ with arrows indicating downward force. The thickness of this layer is labeled as $ H_1 $. - **Groundwater Table**: This horizontal dashed line indicates the level of the groundwater table within the top sand layer. - **Layer 2 (Middle Layer)**: This layer consists of clay, represented with a combination of brown and blue colors. Its thickness is labeled as $ H_2 $. The void ratio of this clay layer is marked as $ e $. - **Layer 3 (Bottom Layer)**: Similar to the top layer, this bottom layer is made up of sand and is depicted using the same light orange color. Its thickness is labeled as $ H_3 $. The legend identifies the color coding used to differentiate between sand (light orange) and clay (brown with blue specks). This figure (Figure 12.42) provides a visual representation of soil stratification used in geotechnical studies to understand layering and material properties influencing soil behavior under stress.

**Part 2**

Refer to Problem 12.6, what would be the average degree of consolidation (U) of the clay layer 180 days after the application of distributed load on the ground surface (∆σ) is applied? Given $ C_v = 2.8 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{m}^2/\text{min} $.

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**12.6**

Refer to Figure 12.42. Given: $ H_1 = 2.5 \, \text{m}, \, H_2 = 2.5 \, \text{m} $,

$ H_3 = 3 \, \text{m}, \text{ and } \Delta\sigma = 100 \, \text{kN/m}^2 $. Also,

Sand: $ e = 0.64, \, G_s = 2.65 $

Clay: $ e = 0.9, \, G_s = 2.75, \, LL = 55 $

Estimate the primary consolidation settlement of the clay layer assuming that it is normally consolidated.

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The problem requires the calculation of the average degree of consolidation and the primary consolidation settlement for a clay layer under an applied distributed load, given specific parameters for the sand and clay involved.

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