Pakistan ranked 8th in size of trade deficit The tenure of the previous government, from 2013 w 2018, witnessed a skyrocketing current account deficit as it increased from $2.5 billion in FY13 to $18.9 billion in FY 18. The major driver was the trade deficit, which w idened from S19.2 billion in 2012 to S35.6 billion in 2017, according to data extracted from the ITC's Trademap.org. Imports increased from $43.8 billion in 2012 to $57.4 billion in 2017 and exports decreased from $24.6 billion in 2012 to $21.9 billion in 2017. Between July 2014 and June 2015, REER had increased by 8.83%. It increased by 5.54% in the prior fiscal year, FY14. In simpler terms, the rupee was kept above its equilibrium value between June 2013 and June 2018, making it cheaper to purchase goods from other countries. Furthermore, exporters lost their competitiveness against foreign com petitors in the global market. Today, with the rupee claser to its equilibrium value, exports have increased. This has positively impacted the trade balance, alleviating some of the concerns regarding the burgeoning current account deficit. First, let us examine how the severe trade deficit tor Pakistan, as reported by Trademap.org, is relative to other countries experiencing large trade gaps. With a deficit of more than $35 billion, Pakistan was ranked eighth in terms of the size of the trade deficit in 2017. The trade deticit of Pakistan exceeds the total value of its exports. Even though the trade deficit was skyrocketing, the exports and imports (goods and services) as a percentage of GDP, as reported in the World Development Indicators by the World Bank, was the lowest for Pakistan in the region. Even with relatively higher levels of imports, the lack of exports has turned Pakistan into a relatively closed economy within the region. The lack of export growth to accompany the high rate of import growth is a serious cause for concern. Pakistan had a trade deficit of $13.9 billion with China and S6.7 billion with the UAE in 2017. Moreover, it had a trade deficit of more than $1 billion with nine countries including Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand and Japan. In 2013, the trade deficit with China was $4 billion. Hence, the increase in CPEC-related imports was hy far the most important factor in the rising trade deficit. Trade deficit shrinks as exports grow faster than imports Exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP for Pakistan have declined from 12.4% in 2012 to 8.2% in 2017, the lowest amongst major economies in the South Asian region. Exports of textile products, which have the largest share, have hovered around $13 billion. Bangladesh and Vietnam increased their textile exports by more than 70% during the same time period. PART II- SUBJECTIVE Page 4 of 6 Student Name: Student ID:, Both Vietnam and Bangladesh imported textile machinery at 145%u more value than that for the textile machinery im ported by Pakistan in 2017. Since 2010, imports of textile machinery into Pakistan have remained stagnant. It is important to note that Pakistan was one of the top five importers of textile machinery in 2005. Bangladesh and Vietnam import primarily knitting machinery, while Pakistan imports mostly spinning machinery involved in upstream production. 'Fourth industrial revolution to reshape govt, trade and health' As Pakistan is a large cotton-producing country, investments in upstream textile production, such as cotton yarn, is likely. However, there is an urgent need to increase investments in downstream high value-added expoits in the textile industry, such as gamments and other tinished products. The increase in exports in FY18 was primarily due to the utilisation ot idle capacity in the textile sector. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's (Unctad) trade and development report 2018 predicts higher levels of uncertainty in global trade may disrupt trade volumes. Higher levels of tariffs are likely tlo have consequences for income distribution and aggregate demand. Hawever, Pakistan can seek to attract foreign investment that is likely to be relocated from such countries. In summary, the government must adopt the right set of policies to attract investment and tackle the current account deficit. (Published by the Express Tribune, 29 October, 2018) Answer the following questions after reading the case given ahove, A. What are the likely reasons of large trade deficit in Pakistan? B. How wrxuld you compare the trade of Pakistan with other countries in the region? C. What measures can he taken by the government ta correct the trade deficit?