Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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- Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs in this step? CO₂ 1 CH || CH + H₂O CO₂ fumarate CO₂™ fumarase HO C-H CH₂ CO₂ malate A) Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided by the enzyme fumarase. B) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. C) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. D) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase.arrow_forwardOxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + H+ ---> Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3- ΔGo’ = 13.91 kJ/mol Lactate + NAD+ ---> Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ΔGo’ = 25.12 kJ/mol Oxaloacetate + GTP ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2 ΔGo’ = -28.40 kJ/mol HCO3- + H+ ---> CO2 + H2O ΔGo’ = -41.45 kJ/mol GDP + ATP ---> GTP + ADP ΔGo’ = -0.003 kJ/mol _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lactate + NAD+ + 2ATP + H2O ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + NADH + 2ADP + Pi + 3H+ From the above information, calculate theΔGo’ for the overall reaction shown…arrow_forwardOxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + H+ ---> Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3- ΔGo’ = 13.91 kJ/mol Lactate + NAD+ ---> Pyruvate + NADH + H+ ΔGo’ = 25.12 kJ/mol Oxaloacetate + GTP ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2 ΔGo’ = -28.40 kJ/mol HCO3- + H+ ---> CO2 + H2O ΔGo’ = -41.45 kJ/mol GDP + ATP ---> GTP + ADP ΔGo’ = -0.003 kJ/mol _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lactate + NAD+ + 2ATP + H2O ---> Phosphoenolpyruvate + NADH + 2ADP + Pi + 3H+ From the above information, calculate the Keq’ for the overall reaction shown…arrow_forward
- The following reaction constitutes the first step in the citric acid cycle. List all the reactants in this reaction? H₂O COO™ C=O || CH3-C-CoA Acetyl COA CH₂ COO™ Oxaloacetate HS-COA Citrate synthase O Citrate and HS-COA COO™ I CH₂ HO-C-COO CH₂ COO™ Citrate Water, Acetyl CoA, and HS-CoA O Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA Oxaloacetate, Acetyl CoA, and HS-COA O Oxaloacetate, Acetyl CoA, and Waterarrow_forwardOne of the steps that occur during the synthesis of ketone bodies is shown below. OH D-beta-hydroxybutyrate Dehydrógenase .coo coo0 H3C cooo Нас acetoacetate D-beta-hydroxybutyrate Does this process require FAD or NAD*, FADH2 or NADH as the reactant coenzyme? Explain your answer in a few words.arrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forward
- How do you complele this reaction pathway H2 Ptarrow_forwardUnder conditions of starvation, acetyl-CoA, instead of being degraded in the citric acid cycle, is converted to acetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate, compounds called ketone bodies that the brain can use as a temporary fuel. Show how the ketone bodies are formed.arrow_forwardA portion of the citric acid cycle is shown below. What are the identities of A and B? citrate → A→isocitrate → B A = cis-aconitate; B = a-ketoglutarate A = malate; B = fumarate A = cis-aconitate; B = oxaloacetate A = a-ketoglutarate; B = succinate A = succinate; B = a-ketoglutaratearrow_forward
- The image below shows the reactions of the citric acid cycle. Label the reaction types on the diagram. COO CH-OH CH₂ COO 8-5-9-8 HC H₂O NADH +H+ NAD+- FADH2 "7 FAD COO C=O CH₂ COO™ COO CH3-C-COA + H₂O acetyl-CoA COA COO™ Ī CH₂ HỌ—C—COO CH₂ COO™ COO HO-C-H COO™ COO™ CH₂ CH-COO NAD+ NAD+ + COA Attempt 2 NADH + H+ + CO2 NADH + H+ + CO2 COO™ CH₂ CH₂ C=O COO™arrow_forwardIn the first step of B-Oxidation, R Η Η Ο B HH -S-COA Acyl COA In the third step of B-Oxidation, ОНН О T || R-C-C-C -S-COA Acyl COA dehydrogenase L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA R- B-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase H H Η Ο R- trans-Enoyl COA is the oxidizing agent. -S-COA is the oxidizing agent. || -CH₂-C S-CoA B-Ketoacyl COAarrow_forwardHw.107.arrow_forward
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