ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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2. Over the past few years, one of the most closely monitored economic variables has been the inflation
rate, which measures the change in the price level. Measuring it is complicated because different
prices change by different amounts and sometimes in different directions (for example, the price of
college tuition has been steadily rising for decades, whereas the price of TV sets has been decreasing).
We can use the expenditure function to aggregate the change in the price level, by asking how much
more it costs to achieve the same utility level under the new prices. That is, if the prices change from
(P₁, P₂) to (P₁, P₂), where p₁ > p₁ and pź > P₂, we can define the inflation rate as:
b.
i
1 1
Suppose Bebel has a Cobb-Douglas utility, U = 9₁²9₂², and an income level of Y = 1600. Suppose p₁ =
100 and p = 100 so the price of good 1 doesn't change, but the price of good 2 increases from p₂ =
16 to p2 = 25.
a.
Calculate Bebel's optimal consumption bundle and utility level at the initial prices p₁
E(P₁, P2, U) - E(P₁, P2, U)
E (P₁, P2, U)
=
= 100 and
P2
16.
Solve for the income level Bebel would need to achieve the same utility level under the new
prices p₁ 100 and p2 = 25.
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:2. Over the past few years, one of the most closely monitored economic variables has been the inflation rate, which measures the change in the price level. Measuring it is complicated because different prices change by different amounts and sometimes in different directions (for example, the price of college tuition has been steadily rising for decades, whereas the price of TV sets has been decreasing). We can use the expenditure function to aggregate the change in the price level, by asking how much more it costs to achieve the same utility level under the new prices. That is, if the prices change from (P₁, P₂) to (P₁, P₂), where p₁ > p₁ and pź > P₂, we can define the inflation rate as: b. i 1 1 Suppose Bebel has a Cobb-Douglas utility, U = 9₁²9₂², and an income level of Y = 1600. Suppose p₁ = 100 and p = 100 so the price of good 1 doesn't change, but the price of good 2 increases from p₂ = 16 to p2 = 25. a. Calculate Bebel's optimal consumption bundle and utility level at the initial prices p₁ E(P₁, P2, U) - E(P₁, P2, U) E (P₁, P2, U) = = 100 and P2 16. Solve for the income level Bebel would need to achieve the same utility level under the new prices p₁ 100 and p2 = 25.
C. Given your answer to part (b) what is the inflation rate for Bebel given the price change?
How much more money would Bebel need to maintain her initial standard of living after the price
of good two increases from $16 to $25?
d.
In practice, economists can't observe utility functions but only the consumption levels chosen.
For this reason, it is necessary to try to approximate the inflation rate using consumption levels.
One approach is the Laspeyeres price index which calculates how much more money would be
needed to afford the initial consumption bundle, q₁ (P₁, P2) and qž (P₁, P2), at the new prices:
e.
LI =
P₁qi (P₁, P₂) + P2qž (P₁, P2) – P₁q† (P₁, P2) – P292 (P₁, P₂)
P₁9† (P₁, P2) + P29₂ (P₁, P2)
Calculate the Laspeyere's price index for Bebel when the price of good 2 increases from 16 to 25.
f. Does the Laspeyres price index over or under estimate the inflation rate? Illustrate on a graph,
using roughly drawn indifference curves and budget constraints, and briefly provide an economic
intuition (no more than 3 sentences) for your answer in terms of the substitution effect.
expand button
Transcribed Image Text:C. Given your answer to part (b) what is the inflation rate for Bebel given the price change? How much more money would Bebel need to maintain her initial standard of living after the price of good two increases from $16 to $25? d. In practice, economists can't observe utility functions but only the consumption levels chosen. For this reason, it is necessary to try to approximate the inflation rate using consumption levels. One approach is the Laspeyeres price index which calculates how much more money would be needed to afford the initial consumption bundle, q₁ (P₁, P2) and qž (P₁, P2), at the new prices: e. LI = P₁qi (P₁, P₂) + P2qž (P₁, P2) – P₁q† (P₁, P2) – P292 (P₁, P₂) P₁9† (P₁, P2) + P29₂ (P₁, P2) Calculate the Laspeyere's price index for Bebel when the price of good 2 increases from 16 to 25. f. Does the Laspeyres price index over or under estimate the inflation rate? Illustrate on a graph, using roughly drawn indifference curves and budget constraints, and briefly provide an economic intuition (no more than 3 sentences) for your answer in terms of the substitution effect.
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