Outline the steps in conjugation of ciliates.

Q: Describe the methods of asexual reproduction in algae ?

A: Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves the production of a new organism. This…

Q: Are sporozoites diploid or haploid?

A: A sporozoite is that the cell type that infects new hosts. In Plasmodium, as an example, the…

Q: How large is a trypanosome relative to Amoeba?

A: Amoeba belongs to the kingdom protozoa. It is a eukaryotic, unicellular organism. It contains a…

Q: Protists with an eye spot and a light detector are Select one: O A stramenopiles O B. pellicles O C.…

A: Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are two categories of living creatures that are differentiated by the…

Q: How are the spores of actinomycetes differentiated from endospores of bacteria?  Provide examples

A: Definition: -  Spore: - A spore is a minute, typically one celled reproductive unit of the micro…

Q: Define the following with reference to ciliates: macronucleus, micronucleus, pellicle, undulating…

A: Ciliates are a group of protozoan. It is characterized by the presence of organelles called cilia.…

Q: Describe the cell covering of Mycobacterium species.

A: The genus mycobacteria belong to the phylum actinobacteria. The organisms under this genus have a…

Q: Yeast are fungi. Multiple Choice spore-forming prokaryotic unicellular multicellular

A: A unicellular organism is an organism that consists of a single cell. A multicellular organism is an…

Q: Distinguish between the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A: The flagellum found in bacteria is a helical-shaped structure made of the flagellin protein. The…

Q: Give the structure of megaspore of Selaginella

A: Spike moss, a family of fernlike seedless vascular plants, belongs to the order Selaginellales. The…

Q: Briefly explain cytoplasm of euglenoids.

A: Protista is a kingdom that consists of simple eukaryotic organisms. The other kingdom of eukaryotes…

Q: Briefly describe the cytoplasm of noctiluca.

A: Family Noctilucacea,  genus noctiluca contains a heterotrophic diflagellate called Noctiluca…

Q: Give the morphology of euglena.

A: Euglena is neither plants nor animals despite the fact that they have characteristics of both.…

Q: Fungi tend to reproduce sexually when nutrients are limited or other conditions are unfavorable, but…

A: Answer

Q: Compare the structure and means of locomotion of ciliates anddinoflagellates.

A: Phylogenetically kingdom Protista acts as a connecting link between the prokaryotic kingdom Monera,…

Q: Describe the important characteristics of a glycocalyx in eukaryotes

A: The Glycocalyx is a type of glycoprotein and mainly covers the outer surface of cells both…

Q: Describe Isogamy and Anisogamy in Fungi

A: Ans: Isogamy and Anisogamy is the type of sexual reproduction used by fungi. They are described in…

Q: Explain how a single haploid cell of Saccharomyces caneventually yield a diploid cell.

A: Saccharomyces cerevisae also called baker's yeast or brewing yeast divides by budding.The transition…

Q: Give some examples of class-cyclostomata?

A: Cyclostomes are jawless aquatic animals which belong from class-cyclostomata. Their body is long,…

Q: Discuss the structure and functions of pili and fimbriae.

A: Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that have primitive type of nucleus, which is not…

Q: Having linear chromosomes packaged with histone proteins is characteristic of: A. all…

A: DNA packaging is an important process in living cells as it is impossible to accommodate a large…

Q: How does a unicellular eukaryote acquire considerable structural complexity within the constraints…

A: A cell is the fundamental unit of life. All living organisms are made up of one or many cells. The…

Q: What is the nucleus of dinoflagellates called?

A: Dinoflagellates comprise organisms which are phototrophs and lives in both fresh water and marine…

Q: Explain the Arrangement of cocci resulting from different planes of cell division.

A: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms and are found in different environments. They do not…

Q: What are the micronuclei and macronuclei of ciliates? What is their role in the genetic…

A: Answer: CILIATES: These are the algae from the protozoan group. These organisms are having hair like…

Q: List the different types of sexual spores of fungi. Areconidia sexual or asexual spores?

A: Fungi are eukaryotic organism that includes yeasts, molds and mushrooms. They are placed in kingdom…

Q: Which aspects of the biology of Nanoarchaeum equitans make itespecially interesting from an…

A: Introduction  Monera is a kingdom which consist of prokaryotic, unicellular organisms such as…

Q: What is the sexual reproductin of fungi?

A: Reproduction in fungi may take place by vegetative, asexual or sexual means.

Q: How do fimbriae differ from pili, both structurally andfunctionally?

A: In bacterial cell, there are three components i.e. structures external to cell wall, the cell wall…

Q: Define autotropic in algae?

A: According to energy consumption pathway, organisms are split up into autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Q: Contrast the mechanism of sexual and asexual spore formation in fungi

A: Reproduction is the process by which organisms (called parent(s)) produce another offspring that is…

Q: Can fungus produce ectoines?

A: Microbes produce various kinds of biomolecules for their survival in extreme conditions. The…

Q: What observable features in trypanosomes would you classify it under kingdom protista?

A: Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane. Eukaryotes belong to…

Q: What is the arrangement of microtubules on the intracellular portion of a eukaryotic flagella?…

A: Answer is option C.) 9+2.

Q: How many flagella are present in Euglena?

A: Kingdom Protista is usually referred to as a mixed kingdom as it has a variety of organisms. Kingdom…

Q: Give the modes of asexual reproduction of algae.

A: Algae:   It can be found in the snow, brackish water, ponds, lakes, river, ocean, etc. basically…

Q: Please explain the initiation of translation in procaryotes

A: Step 1 The translation is the process in which the coded genetic message brought by mRNA (messenger…

Q: Compare and contrast the morphology and function of the microand macronucleus and trace their fate…

A: Ciliates are protists with cilia on their body surface.

Q: To reproduce sexually, two ciliates join and_______ . a. infect cells c. emit light b. form spores…

A: Ciliates undergo both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

Q: Define and give a specific example for cyclostomata?

A: Vertebrates are differentiated into many classes. Agnathans are jawless fishes, belonging to a group…

Q: Outline the apicomplexan life cycle

A: Apicomplexan are the intracellular parasites. These have very complex life cycle which allow them to…

Q: Describe conjugation as it occurs in ciliates. What is the fate of the micronucleus and the…

A: Given : The fate of the micronucleus and the macronucleus during conjugation in ciliates.

Q: Differentiate between the structure and functions of pili andfimbriae.

A: Bacteria are a kind of organic cell. They establish an enormous space of prokaryotic microorganisms.…

Q: vectors. Examine Figure 2 below. Provide three (3) qualitative descriptions of the P. falciparum…

A: Plasmodium falciparum is the causal agent of malaria in humans. It is transmitted to humans by the…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.