Outline the role of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary axis in parturition and given reasons why this axis might be activated just prior to parturition
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Outline the role of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary axis in parturition and given reasons why this axis might be activated just prior to parturition
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- Describe the process of oogenesis Describe the hormonal control of oogenesis including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (which in this case is the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis). Describe the components of the ovarian and menstrual cycles. Describe methods of contraception and how they work.State the production sites and pregnancy-related functions of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, estrogens, and relaxin.Describe the role of progesterone in pregnancy including what produces it during pregnancy, its role in labor and delivery and how it effects at least two other body systems/tissues during pregnancy.
- Describe the main actions performed by oxytocin. Why parturition can occur without elevated levels of plasma oxytocin?Describe the role of progesterone in early pregnancy.Describe the role of pregnancy hormones during human pregnancy. What hormones prepare the mammary glands for lactation and what hormones continue to be important during this process?
- hCG, estrogen and progesterone are hormones that are secreted throughout pregnancy. Answer the following questions about these hormones.1) Identify the structure that initially secretes hCG 2) Describe the function of hCG and identify the trimester where the hCG level is the highest 3) What are the roles of estrogen & progesterone in pregnancy 4) What structure initially secretes estrogen & progesterone? 5) What structure takes over the role of secreting hCG, estrogen & progesterone in the second and third trimesters?Discuss the critical effects of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy.Discuss the mechanism of action of the oxytocin? How does it facilitates uterine contraction especially to birthing mothers?
- Identify 3 effects of progesterone on pregnancy. Select one or more: O a. This causes the uterus to remain contracted after delivery to reduce blood loss from the placental site O b. This is produced when the ovarian follicle that encloses the developing egg forms a structure called the corpus luteum O c. This decreases bladder tone leading to an increased risk of urinary infection O d. This prepares the body for pregnancy. It acts as an appetite stimulant Identify 1 effect of the hormone vasopressin in pregnancy. Select one: O a. This has an important compensatory mechanism for restoring blood pressure in hypovolaemic shock such as that which occurs during haemorrhage O b. Promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancy O C. Involved in thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycleDescribe the change in progesterone secretion that occurs in preparation for parturition.Describe the most significant hormones responsible for sex differentiation. List the most important hormones during puberty. Describe the significance of hormonal regulation during pregnancy and present the changes in hormonal balance during menopause.
