Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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options for 1 and 2: 

-bird

-mammal

-reptile 

 

options for 3: 

-marsupials and placental mammals 

-marsupials and monotremes

-monotremes and placental mammals 

 

options for 4: 

-placental mammals 

-montremes

-marsupials 

Paleontologists study the fossils of extinct animals, including vertebrates. Imagine you are the assistant to a paleontologist specializing in extinct mammals. The paleontologist found the following two skulls on a dig site. There are no other pieces of the skeleton associated with the skulls, so you cannot tell what the rest of the animal looked like. However, by just glancing at the skulls, you should be able to identify whether they are mammals or, if they are not mammals, which group of animals they do belong to. Classify each skull shown here.

### Skull Diagrams
1. The diagram shows an elongated skull with sharp teeth and a prominent nasal cavity. It resembles typical features seen in predatory reptiles, suggesting it is not a mammal.
2. This skull exhibits characteristics often seen in mammalian skulls, such as a more rounded shape and differentiated teeth (incisors, canines, molars). This suggests it is a mammal.

### Mammalian Subgroups
Although mammals share many characteristics, there are three subgroups within the mammal lineage: monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
- **Monotremes (3)**: These mammals lay eggs.
- **Placental mammals (4)**: These mammals develop their young at least partly within their bodies (in a uterus), although marsupials split the development time between the uterus and an external pouch.
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Transcribed Image Text:Paleontologists study the fossils of extinct animals, including vertebrates. Imagine you are the assistant to a paleontologist specializing in extinct mammals. The paleontologist found the following two skulls on a dig site. There are no other pieces of the skeleton associated with the skulls, so you cannot tell what the rest of the animal looked like. However, by just glancing at the skulls, you should be able to identify whether they are mammals or, if they are not mammals, which group of animals they do belong to. Classify each skull shown here. ### Skull Diagrams 1. The diagram shows an elongated skull with sharp teeth and a prominent nasal cavity. It resembles typical features seen in predatory reptiles, suggesting it is not a mammal. 2. This skull exhibits characteristics often seen in mammalian skulls, such as a more rounded shape and differentiated teeth (incisors, canines, molars). This suggests it is a mammal. ### Mammalian Subgroups Although mammals share many characteristics, there are three subgroups within the mammal lineage: monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. - **Monotremes (3)**: These mammals lay eggs. - **Placental mammals (4)**: These mammals develop their young at least partly within their bodies (in a uterus), although marsupials split the development time between the uterus and an external pouch.
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