One of the main concerns regarding the HPV vaccine is that once vaccinated teen-agers and young adults will engage in risky sexual behaviors because they have immunity to HPV, which is known to cause cervical, tongue, and mouth cancers, among others. Researchers wonder if this concern about the vaccine is valid. They seek to answer the question: Are college-aged students (all genders) who received the HPV vaccine (all 3 doses) more likely to engage risky sexual practices (defined as having either sex without a condom or more than two sexual partners) than college-aged students who did not receive the HPV vaccine? Students enrolled at 50 colleges across the United States received an email with a link to an anonymous questionnaire, which asked questions about whether they received the HPV vaccine and their sexual practices.

When conducting a hypothesis test, what would it mean if the researcher obtains a negative test statistic?   The sample is too small. It’s very unlikely the results would have occurred just by chance alone. The sample statistic is smaller than the claimed population parameter. A mistake was made in terms of calculating the test statistic. The sample statistic is larger than the claimed population parameter.

Compare statistical testing with legal methods used in a U.S. court setting. Then discuss the following topics in class or consider the topics on your own. Please write a brief but complete essay in which you answer the following questions. (a) In a court setting, the person charged with a crime is initially considered to be innocent. The claim of innocence is maintained until the jury returns with a decision. Explain how the claim of innocence could be taken to be the null hypothesis. Do we assume that the null hypothesis is true throughout the testing procedure?What would the alternate hypothesis be in a court setting?(b) The court claims that a person is innocent if the evidence against the person is not adequate to find him or her guilty. This does not mean, however, that the court has necessarily proved the person to be innocent. It simply means that the evidence against the person was not adequate for the jury to find him or her guilty. How does this situation compare with a…

Explain the concept of Quasi-Experiments?

What is the Null & Alternative Hypothesis? and what type of analysis you would use to test the hypothesis in your study?