On synthesis of esters via nucleophilic acyl substitution: How is excess alcohol eliminated from the crude product? Write the chemical equation involved in the reaction between the excess acid and NaHCO3. Given this, briefly explain why NaHCO3 is preferred over NaOH for the neutralization of excess acid.

The flavors and aromas of almost any fruit are primarily due to esters. In an experiment, an artificial fruit flavor is prepared using the Fischer esterification (reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst). Why is it easier to remove excess carboxylic acid from the product than excess alcohol?

20:32 hydroxide 2. Using curved arrows, show the deprotonation mechanism of phenol with (OH). Also, provide the structure of the product of this deprotonation. Start answering this question by drawing the structure of phenol. Then hydroxide ion. Find your most reactive electrons and draw the curved arrow that shows where they would go to deprotonate phenol. Then "make a bond break a bond" write they question 3. Provide valid resonance structures for the product of the previous arrow(s) charge moving onto the ortho- and para positions. Use curved to show how the charge resonates to the next structure in your scheme. all the proper notations for depicting resonance. that show the in the structures Be sure to use Send a chat C

Many hunting dogs enjoy standing nose-to-nose with a skunk while barking furiously, oblivious to the skunk spray directed toward them. One moderately effective way of lessening the amount of odor is to wash the dog in a bath containing dilute hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and some mild dish detergent. Use chemical reactions to describe how this mixture helps to remove the skunk spray from the dog. The two major components of skunk oil are 3-methylbutane-1-thiol and but-2-ene-1-thiol.

Create balanced chemical reactions for the following reactions. Organic reactions should be written with the line-angle drawing of each structure. 1.  Reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride to form acetylsalicylic acid, with the use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. 2. Water reacting with acetic anhydride to form acetic acid.

Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are responsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20- carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. This enzyme, a cyclooxygenase, uses oxygen to convert arachidonic acid to PGG2, the immediate precursor of many different prostaglandins. Rate of formation of PGG2 with 10 mg/ml ibuprofen (mM/min) Arachidonic acid (mM) Rate of formation of PGG2 (mM/min) 0.190 12.3 0.228 13.9 0.342 17.5 0.570 1.33 22.2 28.8 7.71 8.88 11.9 16.3 24.0 The kinetic data given in the table are for the reaction catalyzed by a mutant of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. Focusing here on the first two columns, determine the Vmax and Km of the enzyme. Vmax Km = mM/min mM

Hydrolysis of an acetal in aqueous acid gives an aldehyde or a ketone and two molecules of alcohol or one molecule of a diol. Draw the structural formulas for the products of hydrolysis of the following acetals in aqueous acid.

which has the greatest acidity? a. 2-hexanol b. valeric acid c. naphtol d. ethyl propionate which produces effervescence when dissolved in 10% sodium bicarbonate? a. 2-hexanol b. valeric acid c. napththol d. ethyl propionate

Which could explain the stronger acidity of phenols compared to alcohols. Why? a.pi-electron delocalization b.steric effect c.hydrogen bonding d.hyperconjugation

1. The reactant (2-methyl-2-butanol) has a limited solubility in water at room temperature. 10.0 mL of 2-methyl-2-butanol will dissolve in ~ 80 mL of water. In this experiment, 10.0 mL of 2-methyl-2-butanol readily dissolved in 20 mL of 12 mol/L aqueous HCl. a. Why does this compound exhibit some solubility in water? Consider intermolecular forces and include a diagram to illustrate the relevant intermolecular forces. Why is it not completely miscible in water (in all proportions)?