On average, how far away are galaxies that are moving away from us at 2.0% of the speed of light?

Q: Quasars are thought to be the nuclei of active galaxies in the early stages of their formation. A…

A: Given:- A quasar radiates energy at the rate(P) =1x1041 W. One solar mass unit (1 smu= 2.0 x 1030…

Q: Distances to local galaxies are determined by measuring the brightness of stars, called Cepheid…

A: Absolute brightness is a constant and is 10 parsecs from Earth whereas measured brightness depends…

Q: The Milky Way has a diameter (proper length) of about 1.2 x 105 light-years. As far as an astronaut…

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Q: What mechanism can simultaneously solve both the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology?

A: What mechanism can simultaneously solve both the flatness and horizon problems in cosmology

Q: Assume the average density of the Universe is equal to the critical density. (a) Prove that the age…

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Q: All galaxies farther away than about 50×106 ly exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is…

A: Red shift in the emitted light is caused due to the relative motion between the observer and the…

Q: Because of the cosmological expansion, a particular emission from a distant galaxy has a wavelength…

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Q: The critical mass density needed to just halt the expansion of the universe is approximately 10-26…

A: Given critical mass density needed to halt the expansion of the universe is ρcrirical = 10-26 kg/m3

Q: If a galaxy is 500 Mly away from us, how fast do we expect it to be moving and in what direction?

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Q: The light we observe from the jet in fig.has frequency of 6.66(10^14 hz) (in the far ultra voilet…

A: Above problem is related to the relativistic Doppler's effect. Unlike sound wave light requires no…

Q: The center of our Milky Way galaxy is about 23 000 ly away. (a) To eight significant figures, at…

A: Here,

Q: If a galaxy is 9.2 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 475 km/s, what is H0 (in km/s/Mpc)?

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Q: Which galaxies are moving the fastest away from us?

A: Our nearest galaxy is Milky way.

Q: Distances to very remote galaxies are estimated based on their apparent type, which indicate the…

A: The relation of brightens of the star is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance…

Q: How long would a meter stick appear if it were traveling like a properly thrown spear at 99.5…

A: Step 1When an object is travelling with the speed near to the speed of light, contraction of its…

Q: A meter stick moves past you, with its motion relative to you parallel to its long axis. If you…

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Q: Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at the center of many galaxies.(a) What is the radius…

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Q: How many galaxies are there in the universe?

A: A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and…

Q: If the universe is infinite, does it have a center? Discuss.

A: The universe is infinite, and what is know about the universe is gathered by analysing the…

Q: The satellite's controllers are attempting to establish contact with the satellite, which is about…

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Q: Recent findings in astrophysics suggest that the observable universe can be modeled as a sphere of…

A: It is given that,

Q: Assume a power law for the scale factor a = Ctn, where C is a constant. (a) For what values of n are…

A: Given data: Scale factor is, a=Ctn. C is a constant.

Q: Redshift of light from many galaxies was first observed in the 1920s. What was the significance of…

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Q: Quasars are among the most distant objects in the universe and are moving away from us at very high…

A: Doppler Effect refers to the change in wave frequency during the relative motion between a wave…

Q: Scientists are conducting an experiment to determine if their hypothesis that a certain constant in…

A: Theoretical value xth=1.65 and average experimental value xe=1.7. The relative uncertainty was found…

Q: If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000 km/s and emits 656 nm light…

A: The speed of the galaxy is 1000 km/s and the soeed of Earth's orbit is 30 km/s which is…

Q: The center of our Milky Way galaxy is about 23000 ly away. (a) To eight significant figures, at what…

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Q: When astronomers observe far away galaxies they see the light being redshifted (i.e. the frequency…

A: Red chief is a phenomenal when observed frequency of light of a source is less than the actual…

Q: What speed should a galaxy move with respect to us so that the sodium line at 589.0 nm is observed…

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Q: Hubble's law can be stated in vector form as v = HR. Outside the local group of galaxies, all…

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Q: What curvature will the universe have if the matter and energy density of the universe is equal to…

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Q: A galaxy is receding from earth at a velocity of 0.1 c, 10% of the speed of light. What wavelength…

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Q: Supermassive black holes are thought to exist at the center of many galaxies. What is the radius of…

A: Given: The mass of the object is 109 MSun.

Stellar evolution

We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.

Red Shift

It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.