oftage-regulator circuit shown in Fig. P4.57. The value of R IS selected to obtain an output voltage Vo (across the diode) of 0.7 V. V+ Vo Figure P4.57 (a) Use the diode small-signal model to show that the change in output voltage corresponding to a change of 1 V in V* is AV AV+ V, V+ +V, – 0.7 This quantity is known as the line regulation and is usually expressed in mV/V. (b) Generalize the expression above for the case of m diodes connected in series and the value of R adjusted so that the voltage across each diode is 0.7 V (and Vo=0.7m V). (c) Calculate the value of line regulation for the case V = 10 V (nominally) and (i) m = 1 and (ii) m = 3.

4.18 At what forward voltage does a diode conduct a cur- rent equal to 10001? In terms of Is, what current flows in the same diode when its forward voltage is 0.7 V?

Consider the following circuit with Vs(t) = 2.0 + 0.02 sin(2 pi t) V,R1 = R2 = 25ohms Idc = 1mA, Vdc = 5V. Assume Vy = 0.7V and VT = 25mV.a) Draw the equivalent circuit under DCb) Determine the DC voltage and current through the diode.c) Draw the equivalent circuit under acd) Determine the total current through the diode

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