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of three cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) among children caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. All three children visited a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair during October 15-24. Case finding efforts by NCDPH identified 105 other persons who had become ill with diarrhea after attending the fair. A case-control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for infection with E. coli 0157:H7. Forty-five case-patients and 188 controls who attended the fair and did not get sick were enrolled in the study. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the cutoff for statistical significance. Thirty-six (80%) of 45 case-patients visited the petting zoo, compared with 64 (36%) of 187 controls (odds ratio= 7.7; p<0.0001). In an analysis of case-patients and controls who were aged <6 years who visited the petting zoo, the following results were found: Exposure Touching or stepping in manure Falling or sitting on the ground Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one's thumb while at the zoo Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock* *among parents who accompanied the children Touching or stepping in manure Odds ratio 6.9 3.2 11.0 Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer 1.9 0.1 Among children <6 years who had visited the petting zoo, which exposures might be risk factors for infection with E. coli O157:H7? (Select all that apply) Falling or sitting on the ground Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one's thumb while at the zoo Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock p-value 0.001 0.02 0.001 0.6 0.02

of three cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) among children caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. All three children visited a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair during October 15-24. Case finding efforts by NCDPH identified 105 other persons who had become ill with diarrhea after attending the fair. A case-control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for infection with E. coli 0157:H7. Forty-five case-patients and 188 controls who attended the fair and did not get sick were enrolled in the study. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the cutoff for statistical significance. Thirty-six (80%) of 45 case-patients visited the petting zoo, compared with 64 (36%) of 187 controls (odds ratio= 7.7; p<0.0001). In an analysis of case-patients and controls who were aged <6 years who visited the petting zoo, the following results were found: Exposure Touching or stepping in manure Falling or sitting on the ground Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one's thumb while at the zoo Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock* *among parents who accompanied the children Touching or stepping in manure Odds ratio 6.9 3.2 11.0 Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer 1.9 0.1 Among children <6 years who had visited the petting zoo, which exposures might be risk factors for infection with E. coli O157:H7? (Select all that apply) Falling or sitting on the ground Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one's thumb while at the zoo Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock p-value 0.001 0.02 0.001 0.6 0.02

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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On October 29, the North Carolina Division of Public Health (NCDPH) received a report of three cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) among children caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. All three children visited a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair during October 15-24. Case finding efforts by NCDPH identified 105 other persons who had become ill with diarrhea after attending the fair. A case-control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for infection with E. coli O157:H7. Forty-five case-patients and 188 controls who attended the fair and did not get sick were enrolled in the study. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the cutoff for statistical significance. Thirty-six (80%) of 45 case-patients visited the petting zoo, compared with 64 (36%) of 187 controls (odds ratio = 7.7; p<0.0001). In an analysis of case-patients and controls who were aged <6 years who visited the petting zoo, the following results were found: | Exposure | Odds ratio | p-value | |----------|------------|---------| | Touching or stepping in manure | 6.9 | 0.001 | | Falling or sitting on the ground | 3.2 | 0.02 | | Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one’s thumb while at the zoo | 11.0 | 0.001 | | Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer | 1.9 | 0.6 | | Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock* | 0.1 | 0.02 | *among parents who accompanied the children Among children <6 years who had visited the petting zoo, which exposures might be risk factors for infection with E. coli O157:H7? (Select all that apply) - Touching or stepping in manure - Falling or sitting on the ground - Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one’s thumb while at the zoo - Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer - Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock
Transcribed Image Text:On October 29, the North Carolina Division of Public Health (NCDPH) received a report of three cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) among children caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection. All three children visited a petting zoo at the North Carolina State Fair during October 15-24. Case finding efforts by NCDPH identified 105 other persons who had become ill with diarrhea after attending the fair. A case-control study was undertaken to identify risk factors for infection with E. coli O157:H7. Forty-five case-patients and 188 controls who attended the fair and did not get sick were enrolled in the study. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the cutoff for statistical significance. Thirty-six (80%) of 45 case-patients visited the petting zoo, compared with 64 (36%) of 187 controls (odds ratio = 7.7; p<0.0001). In an analysis of case-patients and controls who were aged <6 years who visited the petting zoo, the following results were found: | Exposure | Odds ratio | p-value | |----------|------------|---------| | Touching or stepping in manure | 6.9 | 0.001 | | Falling or sitting on the ground | 3.2 | 0.02 | | Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one’s thumb while at the zoo | 11.0 | 0.001 | | Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer | 1.9 | 0.6 | | Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock* | 0.1 | 0.02 | *among parents who accompanied the children Among children <6 years who had visited the petting zoo, which exposures might be risk factors for infection with E. coli O157:H7? (Select all that apply) - Touching or stepping in manure - Falling or sitting on the ground - Use of a pacifier or spill-proof cup or sucking on one’s thumb while at the zoo - Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer - Awareness of risk of disease from contact with livestock
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Hemolytic uremic syndrome is life threatening sometimes. The symptoms are diarrhoea (bloody), fever, chills, vomiting, weakness, stomach pain, fatigue etc. Small blood vessels get damaged and inflamed in kidney causing clots leading to kidney failure. 

Lower the p- value greater the statistical significance of observational data. 

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