MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
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ISBN: 9781119256830
Author: Amos Gilat
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Earthquake Impact on Human Casualties
#### Graph Analysis: Magnitude of Earthquake vs. Number of People Killed
The graph displayed illustrates the relationship between the magnitude of an earthquake (on the x-axis) and the number of people killed (on the y-axis). Key details observed in the graph include:
- **X-Axis (Magnitude of Earthquake):** Ranges from 0 to 10.
- **Y-Axis (Number of People Killed):** Ranges from -150 to 400.
- **Data Plot:** A series of red diamond-shaped data points representing the number of casualties at varying earthquake magnitudes.
From the visualization, it is apparent that as the magnitude of the earthquake increases beyond a certain point, the number of fatalities tends to rise significantly. However, there is considerable variability indicating that not all high-magnitude earthquakes result in high fatality numbers, suggesting the influence of other factors.
#### Question 12: Factor Analysis in Earthquake Impact
"The relationship between the magnitude of the earthquake and the number of people killed is influenced by the country in which the earthquake takes place. Some countries have building codes that produce buildings that better withstand the damage of an earthquake than buildings in some other countries. In this scenario, the country in which an earthquake takes place is which of the following?"
**Options:**
A. Extrapolation
B. Outlier
C. Lurking variable
D. Residual
E. Influential Observation
#### Explanation:
The country and its building codes play a critical role in the number of casualties. This suggests that while the earthquake magnitude is a primary factor, other elements, such as the country’s preparedness and infrastructure, also affect casualty numbers. The term that best fits this situation is "lurking variable," as it is a variable that was not included in the analysis but affects the results observed.
Therefore, the correct answer to Question 12 is:
- **C. Lurking variable**
This explanation considers that factors not directly studied (e.g., building codes, preparedness) are influencing the relationship being studied between earthquake magnitude and the number of fatalities.
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