Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
A
The reaction of a α-haloketone with hydroxide ion is known as Favorskii reaction.
In the first step of Favorskiii reaction, base abstracts a α proton from carbon atom which is not attached to bromine atom. In the next step, the enolate anion formed by abstraction of a proton from α carbon atom attacks the carbon attached to bromine atom and formation of a three-membered ring takes place. In the last step, hydroxide ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the three-membered ring and the final product is formed. The product of the reaction of a α -haloketone with hydroxide ion is a carboxylic acid.
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