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Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82, pp. 879-892)] provided the fol success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer m nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the resul diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of ope successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centir were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN. respectively. Open surgery is better for both successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Para persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total. Use the editor to format your answer

Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82, pp. 879-892)] provided the fol success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer m nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the resul diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of ope successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centir were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN. respectively. Open surgery is better for both successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Para persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total. Use the editor to format your answer

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018
18th Edition
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:Carter
Chapter10: Statistics
Section10.1: Measures Of Center
Problem 9PPS
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PLEASE EXPLAIN HOW OPEN SURGERY CAN BE BETTER FOR BOTH STONE SIZES BUT WORSE IN TOTAL

Question 9 An article in the British Medical Journal ("Comparison of Treatment of Renal Calculi by Operative Surgery, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82. pp. 879-892)) provided the following discussion of success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer method, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the results changed when stone diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of open surgery were successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centimeters, the success rates were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN, respectively. Open surgery is better for both stone sizes, but less successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Paradox) but the hazard still persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total. Use the editor to format your answer
Transcribed Image Text:Question 9 An article in the British Medical Journal ("Comparison of Treatment of Renal Calculi by Operative Surgery, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy" (1986, Vol. 82. pp. 879-892)) provided the following discussion of success rates in kidney stone removals. Open surgery had a success rate of 78% (273/350) while a newer method, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PN), had a success rate of 83% (289/350). This newer method looked better, but the results changed when stone diameter was considered. For stones with diameters less than two centimeters, 93% (81/87) of cases of open surgery were successful compared with only 83% (234/270) of cases of PN. For stones greater than or equal to two centimeters, the success rates were 73% (192/263) and 69% (55/80) for open surgery and PN, respectively. Open surgery is better for both stone sizes, but less successful in total. In 1951, E. H. Simpson pointed out this apparent contradiction (known as Simpson's Paradox) but the hazard still persists today. Explain how open surgery can be better for both stone sizes but worse in total. Use the editor to format your answer
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