Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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I need help with organic chemistry please show mechanism
### Organic Chemistry Reaction and Mechanism

#### Saponification Reaction

**Given Reaction:**

- Reactant: Ester molecule
- Reagents: 
  1. NaOH/H₂O
  2. H⁺

This is a typical saponification reaction where an ester is hydrolyzed under basic conditions. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) acts as the base, breaking the ester linkage to form a carboxylate ion, which upon acidification, yields the corresponding carboxylic acid.

#### Claisen Condensation Reaction

**Question: Choose the appropriate base and solvent to complete Claisen condensation with the given substrate. Write down the mechanism.**

- **Substrate:**
  - An ester with a specific tail structure as shown in the diagram.
  
- **Possible Choices:**
  1. NaOEt/EtOH
  2. Unspecified (blank space)
  3. NaOCHCH₂(CH₃)₂ / (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH
  4. NaOCH₂CH₂CH₃/CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
  5. Either one

The appropriate base and solvent in a Claisen condensation usually involves an alkoxide ion with an alcohol solvent, such as NaOEt in ethanol (EtOH). This selection helps in generating the enolate ion of an ester, facilitating the condensation process to form a β-keto ester.

### Note on Diagrams:

- The reaction diagrams illustrate the molecular structures involved in the saponification and the potential structures for Claisen condensation.
- Correct choice and explanation of the mechanism are critical for understanding how the reactions are catalyzed.
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Transcribed Image Text:### Organic Chemistry Reaction and Mechanism #### Saponification Reaction **Given Reaction:** - Reactant: Ester molecule - Reagents: 1. NaOH/H₂O 2. H⁺ This is a typical saponification reaction where an ester is hydrolyzed under basic conditions. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) acts as the base, breaking the ester linkage to form a carboxylate ion, which upon acidification, yields the corresponding carboxylic acid. #### Claisen Condensation Reaction **Question: Choose the appropriate base and solvent to complete Claisen condensation with the given substrate. Write down the mechanism.** - **Substrate:** - An ester with a specific tail structure as shown in the diagram. - **Possible Choices:** 1. NaOEt/EtOH 2. Unspecified (blank space) 3. NaOCHCH₂(CH₃)₂ / (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH 4. NaOCH₂CH₂CH₃/CH₃CH₂CH₂OH 5. Either one The appropriate base and solvent in a Claisen condensation usually involves an alkoxide ion with an alcohol solvent, such as NaOEt in ethanol (EtOH). This selection helps in generating the enolate ion of an ester, facilitating the condensation process to form a β-keto ester. ### Note on Diagrams: - The reaction diagrams illustrate the molecular structures involved in the saponification and the potential structures for Claisen condensation. - Correct choice and explanation of the mechanism are critical for understanding how the reactions are catalyzed.
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